LEARN ENGLISH IN PIGDIN

Pattern 9 is the last pattern used in forming a basic simple sentence. This pattern has 4 parts: Subject, Predicator, Direct Object, and Adverbial. In the previous episodes, subject, predicator, and direct object have been explained. In this episode, the adverbial is explained. The adverbial is an adverb and its function is to qualify a noun. Example of pattern 9 sentences: I placed the food on the dining table. "I" is the subject; "placed" is the predicator; "the food" is the direct object, and "on the dining table" is the adverbial. TAKE AWAY: ALWAYS CELEBRATE YOUR VICTORIES — BIG OR SMALL

Pattern 8 of the basic simple sentences has 4 parts: Subject, predicator, direct object, and adjectival object complement.

The adjectival object complement is realised with adjectives, and adjectival phrases.

This complement describes the direct object which could be a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun.

EXAMPLE:

The news made us happy.

The news (SUBJECT)

made (PREDICATOR)

us (DIRECT OBJECT)

happy (ADJ OBJECT COMPLEMENT). TAKE AWAY: We attract to our lives what we say with our mouths.

Pattern 7 of the basic simple sentences has 4 parts: Subject, predicator, direct object, and nominal object complement.

The nominal object complement is realised with nouns, nouns phrases, and pronouns. This complement gives us extra information about the direct object.

What the direct object does is to receive the action performed by the subject and the object complement then gives us more information about the direct object.

EXAMPLES:

A) Nigerians appointed Buhari the president.

Nigerians (SUBJECT)

appointed (PREDICATOR)

Buhari (DIRECT OBJECT)

the president (NOM OBJECT COMPLEMENT)

B) He painted his room white

He (SUBJECT)

painted (PREDICATOR)

his room (DIRECT OBJECT)

white (NOM OBJECT COMPLEMENT)

TAKEAWAY: MAINTAIN YOUR JOY IN ALL SITUATIONS.

The 6th pattern for forming the basic simple sentences has 3 parts: subject, predicator, and adverbial.

The subject performs the action of the sentence.

The predicator is the verb and in this pattern; it is a linking verb which links the adverbial to the sentence.

The adverbial performs the function of the adverb which to supply various information about the place, time, manner of an action.

The adverb, adverbial phrase, noun, noun phrase, and prepositional phrase also perform the function of an adverbial in this pattern.

1. I slept there: "there" is the adverbial.

2. I slept in the coolest room: "in the coolest room" is a prepositional phrase functioning as an adverbial.

3. I danced yesterday: "yesterday" is a noun functioning as an adverbial

4. I danced all night: "all night" is a noun phrase functioning as an adverbial.

"There" and "in the coolest room" show adverb of place.

"Yesterday" and "all night" show adverb of time.

TAKE AWAY: It always seems impossible until it’s done. ---Nelson Mandela

Pattern four and five are the same: SUBJECT–PREDICATOR–COMPLEMENT.

The difference is that the complement in pattern four is nominal complement:

He is my teacher.

"My teacher" is a noun phrase.

While the complement in pattern five is an adjectival complement: He is huge.

"Huge" is an adjective.

TAKE AWAY: Being aware of your fear is smart. Overcoming it is the mark of a successful person.

The 4th pattern for forming basic simple sentences is the SUBJECT-VERB-NOMINAL SUBJECT COMPLEMENT.

We already established what the subject and verb are in previous episodes.

So today, we are focusing on the subject complement.

The nominal subject complement renames the subject. It tells us who the subject is.

It is realised with nouns, nouns phrases, or pronouns just like the subject and object.

The verb in this pattern is a linking verb and not an action verb because no action is being transferred.

I am an English language tutor.

The boys are students.

The winner is I/me(The winner is me is used more in informal context.)

English language tutor, students and I/me are all telling us about the subjects I, the boys, and the winner respectively.

TAKE AWAY: I am a glutton for tranquility.––– Wole Soyinka.

This pattern has 4 parts: subject, predicator, indirect object, and the direct object.

The subject, direct object, and indirect objects are all realised with nouns and pronouns, noun phrases.

1. He gave her a ring.

2. David gave Kemi a ring.

3. The gentleman gave the lady a ring.

Analysing the first example:

The subject HE performs the action.

The predicator GAVE is the action being performed.

The HER is the indirect object.

The A RING is the direct object receiving the action performed by the subject.

The function of the indirect object is to receive the direct object and it is found in-between the predicator and the direct object.

It can also be found at the end of the direct object (A RING) but it must be preceded by a preposition: He gave a ring to her.

TAKE AWAY:

One of the truest tests for integrity is its blunt refusal to be compromised. ––– Chinua Achebe

The second pattern in forming the basic simple sentences is the SUBJECT-PREDICATOR-DIRECT OBJECT pattern.

The subject performs the action.

The predicator must be a transitive verb and its function is to transfer action from the subject to the direct object.

The direct object is the receiver of the action being performed by the subject.

The words we use to realise the subject and direct objects are: nouns, pronouns and noun phrases.

1. Sola slapped Seun.

2. She slapped her.

3. The lady slapped the girl.

TAKE AWAY: We don't learn and do, we learn by doing. ––– Courtesy of Oluwatoni Ajewole.

The first pattern in forming the basic simple sentences is the SUBJECT-PREDICATOR pattern. This pattern is foundational to any sentence formation. The subject is the first word in any sentence and it is the part of the sentence performing the action in the sentence. It is derived with words from the word classes of nouns, pronouns and noun phrases. The predicator comes after the subject and it is the word showing the action being performed by the subject. It is derived with words from the word classes of verbs and verb phrases. Examples are: I(pronoun) smiled; Oladoyin(noun) smiled; The lady(noun phrase) smiled; She was smiling. "Smiled" in the examples is a verb while "was smiling" is a verb phrase. TAKE AWAY: Imagination is everything. It is the preview of life's coming attractions. ––– Albert Einstein.

Adjectives of quantity describes the largeness of nouns. Much and Many are adjectives of quantity that describes the indefinite largeness of nouns. MUCH is used with uncountable nouns and with interrogative and negative sentences. EXAMPLES: How much money do you have? There hasn't been much rain this year. MANY is used with countable nouns and with interrogative, affirmative and negative sentences. EXAMPLES: How many books are on that table? He has many friends in school. I don't have many shoes. TAKEAWAY:- Intelligence plus character that is the true goal of education --- Martin Luther King Jr.