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The lesson "The Beggar" was written by Anton Chekhov. The story opens with a beggar named Lushkoff was begging alms to an advocate named Sergei. The beggar said that he was a school teacher who had lost his job by a conspiracy of his colleagues. While seeing the beggar's appearance, Sergei remembered that he had seen him previously at Savodiya street, claiming that he was a student who was expelled from school. Sergei became angry after hearing his lies and told him that he would call the cop. Then Lushkoff admitted that he had told the lies, and he was a member of a Russian choir and was expelled out due to his drunkenness. After hearing the truth, Sergei asked him whether he would like to chop wood for him. Then Lushkoff accepted the offer and went along with Sergei.  Sergei asked his cook Olga to make the beggar chop wood. The beggar was unable to chop the wood because of the overconsumption of vodka. After some time, Olga informed Sergei that he had chopped all the wood. Lushkoff was paid after his job. Later, Sergei decided to shift his house. He asked Lushkoff to help him in packing the furniture. After that, he offered him some work in his friend's company. Two years later, Sergei met Lushkoff outside the theatre. Sergei felt happy on seeing his changes. Lushkoff said that he was changed because of the kind words and good deeds of the cook Olga.

“Madam Rides the Bus” is about a brave eight-year-old who had a strong desire and along with it, the courage to fulfil it. She liked gazing at the hustle and bustle of the street and her favourite part was the sight of a bus arriving and departing. Thus, she developed a deep desire to travel by bus. For that, she needed all sorts of information about the bus journey, collect the bus fare and then plan it so that she could be back at home before her mother woke up from her afternoon nap. Thus, the story brings us the recounts of how innocently but responsibly she fulfilled her deepest desire and her experiences on the bus ride. How an incident makes her realize the reality of death.Vallikannan is the pseudonym of R. S. Krishnasamy (12 November 1920 - 9 November 2006), a Tamil, writer, journalist, critic, and translator from Tamil Nadu, India. He wrote a total of 75 books in his life - novels, novellas, poetry collections, plays and essay anthologies. In 1978, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award for Tamil for his critical work on modern Tamil poetry.

The Snake Trying by W.W.E. Ross | English 9 | CBSE

The snake trying

to escape the pursuing stick,

with sudden curvings of thin long body. How beautiful

and graceful are his shapes!

He glides through the water away

from the stroke. O let him go

over the water

into the reeds to hide

without hurt. Small and green

he is harmless even to children.

Along the sand

he lay until observed

and chased away, and

now he vanishes in the ripples

among the green slim reeds.

W.W.E. ROSS

Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign

beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes

Like ours: the land our brothers walk upon

Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.

They, too, aware of sun and air and water,

Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter starv’d.

Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read

A labour not different from our own.

Remember they have eyes like ours that wake

Or sleep, and strength that can be won

By love. In every land is common life

That all can recognise and understand.

Let us remember, whenever we are told

To hate our brothers, it is ourselves

That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.

Remember, we who take arms against each other

It is the human earth that we defile.

Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence

Of air that is everywhere our own,

Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.

JAMES KIRKUP

Have you ever thought of some people as strange, or other countries as ‘foreign’? We have many ways of thinking of other people as different from ‘us’, as ‘them.’ ‘They’ may belong to a different country, or speak a different language. In this poem, however, the poet reminds us of the many ways in which we are all the same — for we are all human.

On Killing A Tree by Gieve Patel - Introduction and Text Audio

We have not inherited this earth from our ancestors; we have borrowed it from our children. – Nani Palkhiwala in The Ailing Planet

The poet makes the reader aware of the fact that trees are being ignored and have been pushed out of priority. The poem highlights the fact that trees are living things. He equates trees with humans to convey that trees should not be cut because destroying trees is just like killing a human being. A tree does not die merely by cutting because it regrows from where it is cut. If it has to be destroyed, then it has to be uprooted.

English Language proficiency: Parts of Speech in English Grammar

Language comes before Grammar!

Grammar is an attempt to describe a language. Hence, the language stands supreme and we as subordinates depend on the grammar of the language to access its virtues and mysticism. To Master the English Language, we need to understand how it works and what makes it work.

Don't live under the impression that you have understood Parts of Speech and no longer need a look back to the concept. Mastering them means mastering the language; that is tough to declare!

As each language has its own alphabet, it also has its own grammar. For English, all the words we see are divided into nine classes or categories. These classes are called Parts of Speech. The dictionaries we use always mention the category of the word and tell us if a word is used in multiple categories of the Parts of Speech. 

Knowing the grammar of a language will not enable fluency in your speaking or writing, but it helps. Knowing the functions of the elements of language (i.e. words) helps us in their appropriate and accurate use.

This preamble is necessary so as to make us read the definitions and explanations as a new thing; devoid of the stereotyping that happened to us at schools.

https://eklavyaparv.com/content/communication-skills/371-the-parts-of-speech-noun-pronoun-adjective-verb-adverb

https://eklavyaparv.com/content/communication-skills/369-learn-parts-of-speech-and-master-the-english-language

English Language Proficiency: Course Outline, Strategy and Syllabus - Introduction

1.    Parts of Speech Overview

2.    Noun-Pronoun

3.    Adjective

4.    Article Determiners

5.    Verb-Adverb

6.    Preposition

7.    Conjunctions

8.    Tense

9.    Active Passive

10.Narration/Direct-Indirect Speech

11. Question Tag

12. Subject Verb Agreement

13. Cloze Test

14. Error Correction in Sentences

15. Fill in the Blanks/Fillers (All Types)

16. Rearrange Sentences/Jumbled Sentences

17. Synonyms

18. Antonyms

19. Idioms and Phrases

20. One Word Substitution

21. Spellings

22. Reading Comprehension

Text: http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/sam-manekshaw-on-leadership-and-discipline/

Credits: YouTube Source: https://youtu.be/eSvLFPFXjc8

दूरवर्ती शिक्षा के नए आयाम, संभावनाएं: Beyond Distance Education with EduPodcasts, PodMOOCs

Parveen Sharma

with the guidance of Dr Ramesh C Sharma

INDIA