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Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul joins Legal Regards to discuss the evolving role of state attorneys general, the increasing prominence of AG offices in national legal disputes, and how Wisconsin is approaching key issues including artificial intelligence, consumer protection, public safety, and federal-state tensions.

Kaul explains that his office’s core mission is to protect the public and ensure that justice is done. He outlines his top enforcement priorities, including criminal investigations and prosecutions, consumer protection, and safeguarding Wisconsin’s natural resources, particularly clean water. He also discusses how modern attorney general offices are increasingly engaged in multi-state litigation and national legal challenges when federal actions impact state residents.

A central theme of the conversation is the rule of law and the role of institutional checks and balances. Kaul discusses what he views as current threats to the rule of law, the role of courts in constraining executive power, and the importance of Congress reasserting its authority. He also explains how state attorneys general can serve as an additional check when other institutions fail to act.

The episode features an extended discussion of artificial intelligence and enforcement. Kaul identifies key risks associated with AI, including large-scale fraud, misuse of likeness and identity, and the rapid proliferation of unlawful content. He argues that existing consumer protection laws already apply to AI companies, but emphasizes the need for continued regulatory development as risks evolve. He supports a federal-state balance in AI regulation, with Congress establishing baseline protections while allowing states to act as laboratories of democracy.

Kaul also addresses federal efforts to preempt state AI enforcement, expressing concern about attempts to limit states’ authority to protect consumers. He explains why maintaining state-level enforcement power is critical to ensuring accountability as AI technologies develop.

Beyond AI, the conversation turns to public safety and criminal justice. Kaul highlights rising domestic violence homicides as a major concern in Wisconsin and discusses the impact of reduced federal funding for victim support programs. He also addresses broader national issues, including the handling of the Epstein files and the importance of equal application of justice.

The episode concludes with a discussion of the future of AI in the legal profession, with Kaul emphasizing that while AI will transform legal work, human judgment will remain essential.

Topics include:

•  Core enforcement priorities of the Wisconsin Attorney General’s Office 
•  The growing national role of state attorneys general 
•  Rule of law, separation of powers, and institutional checks and balances 
•  Multi-state litigation and when AGs should engage 
•  AI risks, including fraud, deepfakes, and large-scale unlawful conduct 
•  Federal versus state regulation of artificial intelligence 
•  Opposition to federal preemption of state AI enforcement 
•  Consumer protection and AI companies under existing law 
•  Domestic violence trends and public safety priorities 
•  Federal funding gaps for victim services 
•  The Epstein files and accountability in high-profile cases 
•  Whether AI will replace judges or lawyers 

Legal Regards is an official podcast of The National Law Review.

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Tennessee Attorney General Jonathan Skrmetti joins Legal Regards to discuss the modern role of a state attorney general, the growing influence of AG offices in national disputes, and how Tennessee is approaching some of the most contested legal and policy issues of the moment, including artificial intelligence, child safety, consumer protection, and federal-state conflict.

Skrmetti explains that the work of an attorney general’s office is far broader than most people realize. He describes an office managing roughly 12,000 open matters across civil litigation, criminal appeals, constitutional disputes, consumer protection, antitrust, and litigation involving both the state and the federal government. He also emphasizes that one of his proudest accomplishments has not been any single headline case, but strengthening the institution itself by building a durable team and improving the office’s long-term capacity to serve Tennessee.

A central theme of the conversation is self-government and the proper role of law in a constitutional system. Skrmetti argues that Tennessee’s legal priorities are rooted in preserving the ability of citizens to govern themselves through elected representatives, while also ensuring that large companies are held accountable when they harm consumers or distort markets. He discusses why he believes attorney general offices now wield too much prominence in American public life, and why the increasing tendency to route major policy disputes through courts rather than democratic processes is, in his view, unhealthy for the country.

The episode also features an extended discussion of artificial intelligence and state enforcement. Skrmetti addresses the proper balance between federal and state AI regulation, warning against both a fragmented fifty-state patchwork and a federal vacuum that leaves harmful conduct unchecked. He explains why states currently have an urgently necessary role in policing downstream AI harms, particularly through consumer protection authority, while also cautioning against heavy-handed attempts to micromanage model development. He defends Tennessee’s role in protecting residents, including through laws like the ELVIS Act, and signals that Tennessee would push back forcefully against unlawful federal interference with state authority.

Child safety is another major focus. Skrmetti discusses Tennessee’s lawsuit against Roblox, explaining that the state’s goal is to ensure parents can make informed decisions about platforms used by children. He then turns to AI chatbots and children, making clear that Tennessee does not need to wait for entirely new legislation before acting against serious misconduct. 

Topics include:

·       What a state attorney general actually does day to day

·       Why AG offices have become more powerful and more visible

·       Tennessee’s priorities in consumer protection and public accountability

·       AI regulation, federalism, and the risks of both federal vacuum and state patchwork

·       The ELVIS Act and Tennessee’s authority to protect its residents

·       AI products that interact with children and the legal tools available now

·       Tennessee’s lawsuit against Roblox and online child safety

·       Public service, hiring, and what Skrmetti looks for in lawyers

·       Harvard Law School, ideology, and the limits of governmental power

Legal Regards is an official podcast of The National Law Review 

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United States District Judge Allison Goddard of the Southern District of California joins Legal Regards for an in-depth discussion on AI use by the judiciary and how federal judges actually read and evaluate filings.

Judge Goddard discusses how and why she has incorporated AI tools into her chambers. She explains her use of tools such as Perplexity for research assistance and workflow efficiency, as well as broader tools being explored within the Ninth Circuit, including Westlaw AI, Lexis Protégé, VLex, and Learned Hand. The conversation addresses what these systems are designed to do, where they add value, and where judicial judgment must remain paramount.

Judge Goddard also describes how she has used AI to create internal research collections, including Social Security order databases built in tools such as NotebookLM, CoCounsel, and Lexis Vault. These collections allow her to prompt against her own prior orders to maintain consistency across fact-specific rulings. She explains how AI can assist in identifying recurring issues and patterns that are otherwise difficult to locate through traditional keyword searches, particularly in highly fact-dependent areas of law. At the same time, she draws a clear line between workflow assistance and substantive judicial interpretation.

The discussion explores her use of AI to draft limited portions of orders, particularly to summarize the parties’ arguments in a neutral and efficient manner. Rather than relying on lengthy block quotations, she explains how AI can help rephrase or synthesize arguments while preserving accuracy. She also addresses her concerns about using AI for judicial interpretation or doctrinal reasoning, emphasizing that constitutional adjudication and statutory construction require independent human judgment.

Judge Goddard explains why she is opposed to broad standing orders regulating AI use in her courtroom. She articulates her reasoning, including the view that existing professional responsibility rules and existing doctrines already provide tools to address misuse, and that rigid standing orders may be overinclusive or counterproductive.

The episode also includes practical guidance for attorneys. Judge Goddard offers concrete advice on how lawyers can avoid AI-related ethical missteps, including hallucinated citations, inaccurate factual assertions, and overreliance on automated summaries. She discusses how lawyers can responsibly use AI tools to enhance clarity, organization, and efficiency without compromising candor to the tribunal.

Finally, she addresses how she discusses AI use with law clerks and interns, including the guidance she provides her personnel. The conversation situates AI adoption within the broader judicial obligation to ensure fairness, transparency, and consistency.

Topics include
 • Judicial discretion and decision-making
 • Why Judge Goddard opposes standing orders on AI
 • Use of Perplexity in chambers and research workflows
 • AI tools being tested in the Ninth Circuit: Westlaw AI, Lexis Protégé, VLex, and Learned Hand
 • Building Social Security order databases using NotebookLM, CoCounsel, and Lexis Vault
 • Using AI to maintain consistency across fact-specific rulings
 • Drafting assistance: summarizing arguments versus block quoting
 • Ethical risks of generative AI and judicial interpretation concerns
 • Guidance to clerks and interns on responsible AI use
 • Practical advice for lawyers to avoid AI-related professional responsibility violations

Legal Regards is an official podcast of The National Law Review.

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Nebraska Attorney General Mike Hilgers joins Legal Regards to discuss how artificial intelligence is reshaping legal enforcement, regulatory strategy, and the evolving role of state attorneys general. The conversation centers on AI-related harms, responsible government use of AI tools, and the growing debate over whether AI regulation should be led by states, the federal government, or both.

Hilgers explains why he views AI as one of the most transformative technologies in modern history and outlines how his office is approaching AI adoption cautiously but deliberately. He discusses current exploratory uses of AI for internal productivity and analysis, the importance of protecting confidential investigative data, and why attorney general offices must move carefully before deploying AI in litigation workflows. He also addresses the ethical and professional risks associated with hallucinated citations and unreliable outputs, emphasizing that human oversight remains essential, particularly for court filings.

The discussion examines concrete AI-related harms and enforcement challenges. Hilgers describes Nebraska’s legislation addressing AI-generated child sexual abuse material, including the effort to close loopholes that could allow offenders to evade prosecution. He explains the constitutional reasoning supporting the law and situates AI enforcement within traditional state powers such as consumer protection and deceptive trade practices authority. He also outlines Nebraska’s current “wait and see” approach to broader AI-specific legislation while continuing to monitor technological developments and enforcement needs.

A central theme is federalism and preemption. Hilgers rejects a binary choice between federal and state regulation, arguing that states should retain authority over traditional enforcement areas like consumer protection and criminal law, while core model-level or system-wide regulatory frameworks may require national standards to avoid a fragmented patchwork that could hinder innovation and competitiveness. He also highlights the courts as a critical but often overlooked institution that can apply existing doctrines to AI disputes before sweeping new statutory schemes are enacted.

The conversation additionally covers the broader work of a state attorney general’s office and how AI fits within that landscape. Hilgers discusses multistate litigation, lawsuits involving large corporations such as TikTok and data breach cases, interstate disputes, constitutional challenges, and the expanding national influence of state AG offices. He also reflects on federal-state collaboration, marijuana policy debates, his path from private practice and legislative leadership to statewide office, and practical career advice for young lawyers and law students.

Topics include:

• AI as a transformative technology and emerging enforcement priority
 • Government use of AI tools, safeguards, and professional responsibility risks
 • AI-generated CSAM laws and constitutional enforcement considerations
 • Consumer protection authority and traditional legal tools for AI harms
 • Federal preemption, patchwork regulation risks, and national standards
 • The role of courts and existing law in shaping AI governance
 • Lawsuits against major corporations and multistate enforcement actions
 • The modern responsibilities of a state attorney general
 • Marijuana policy debates and federal rescheduling discussions
 • Career guidance for young lawyers and public service pathways

A substantive discussion for lawyers, policymakers, and professionals interested in how state attorneys general are confronting AI-driven risks while managing the broader legal and constitutional responsibilities of their offices.

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Missouri Attorney General Catherine Hanaway joins Legal Regards to discuss the evolving responsibilities of a state attorney general at a time of technological change, institutional scrutiny, and heightened public safety concerns. The conversation examines how state legal offices balance traditional enforcement priorities with emerging risks tied to artificial intelligence, digital fraud, and rapidly developing regulatory gaps.

Hanaway explains her office’s focus on reducing violent crime, protecting consumers from fraudulent Bitcoin ATM schemes, and enforcing state laws ranging from public integrity actions to online age-verification requirements. She also discusses the continuing effort to enforce Missouri’s multibillion-dollar COVID-related judgment against China and reflects on how continuity in government litigation is maintained despite leadership turnover.

The discussion explores the growing role of AI in legal practice, including how government lawyers are using AI tools to draft documents, accelerate research, and improve efficiency while maintaining strict human oversight and verification. Hanaway also offers her perspective on the proper balance between federal and state authority in regulating AI, noting both the traditional importance of state experimentation and the potential need for national standards in a globally competitive technological environment.

Listeners will also hear Hanaway reflect on leadership in public service, recruiting the next generation of trial lawyers, and navigating a career that has spanned federal prosecution, legislative leadership, BigLaw management, and statewide office.

Topics include:

• Violent crime reduction as a statewide enforcement priority
 • Consumer protection and fraud risks involving Bitcoin ATMs
 • Enforcement of Missouri’s COVID-related judgment against China
 • Public integrity actions and removing corrupt officials
 • Practical uses of AI in government legal work
 • Verification, ethics, and safeguards when lawyers use AI tools
 • Federal versus state authority in regulating artificial intelligence
 • Recruiting and training trial-ready government lawyers

A substantive discussion for lawyers, policymakers, and professionals seeking insight into how state attorneys general are adapting legal institutions to meet modern technological and enforcement challenges.

Legal Regards is an official podcast of The National Law Review.

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Connecticut Attorney General William Tong joins Legal Regards to examine the expanding role of state attorneys general at a time of rapid legal, technological, and political transformation. The conversation explores how states are increasingly stepping into regulatory voids, deploying consumer protection laws against emerging technologies, and confronting constitutional questions when federal action stalls.

Tong discusses enforcement priorities related to artificial intelligence, the limits of presidential power, bipartisan cooperation among attorneys general, and the institutional responsibilities of chief state legal officers. The discussion also addresses public transparency, including continued calls for the release of the Epstein files, and the broader challenge of maintaining public trust in an era of institutional strain.

Listeners will also hear Tong reflect on his path to public service, the meaning of state sovereignty, and the enduring role of human judgment within a legal system increasingly shaped by advanced technology.

Topics include:

• The expanding authority of state attorneys general
 • AI regulation and consumer protection enforcement
 • Federalism and executive power
 • Transparency and the public’s right to know
 • Bipartisan leadership in a polarized environment
 • Social media harms and technological accountability
 • The limits of artificial intelligence in the pursuit of truth

A substantive discussion for lawyers, policymakers, executives, and professionals seeking to understand who is shaping the legal architecture of the modern state.

Legal Regards is an official podcast of The National Law Review.