Lex Fridman Podcast

Lex Fridman Podcast

By Lex FridmanSociety & CultureScienceTechnologyPhilosophy
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Lex Fridman Podcast episodes

  • #503 – AI Crisis in Math: Navier-Stokes, Riemann Hypothesis & Complexity Theory

    Ankur Moitra, Steven Brunton and Alex Kontorovich are three mathematicians who can speak to this incredible moment in the history of mathematics, when AI solved some of its hardest problems: Navier-Stokes, the quasi-Riemann hypothesis, the unique games conjecture and hundreds of other problems. Ankur Moitra is a mathematician at MIT (visiting the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton) working in theoretical computer science, who can speak to the unique games conjecture, complexity theory and the mathematics of how AI learns. Steven Brunton is a mathematician and fluid dynamics expert at UW, who can speak to Navier-Stokes, turbulence and machine learning for fluid dynamics. Alex Kontorovich is a mathematician at Rutgers specializing in number theory, who can speak to the Riemann hypothesis, Lean and machine-checked proofs.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep503-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/math-ai-crisis-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Ankur’s Website: https://people.csail.mit.edu/moitra/
    Alex’s X: https://x.com/AlexKontorovich
    Alex’s Website: https://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~alexk/
    Steven’s X: https://x.com/eigensteve
    Steven’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@Eigensteve
    Steven’s Website: https://eigensteve.com
    Lean: https://lean-lang.org/

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.
    Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.
    Go to https://blitzy.com/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    NetSuite: Business management software.
    Go to https://netsuite.ai/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (01:58) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (09:53) – Crisis moment in mathematics
    (18:10) – Will AI “solve” mathematics?
    (34:21) – Can AI create new math?
    (1:13:53) – Riemann hypothesis
    (1:37:45) – Navier-Stokes
    (2:03:42) – How nature computes
    (2:12:35) – Unique Games Conjecture and complexity theory
    (2:27:28) – How mathematicians think
    (2:41:05) – Is math invented or discovered?
    (2:47:13) – Can AI solve P vs NP?
    (2:57:28) – Why LLMs work so well
    (3:11:54) – Problems AI can’t solve yet
    (3:16:23) – Grigori Perelman
    (3:25:41) – Advice for young people

    3 hr 43 min
  • #502 – Psychiatry, Insane Asylums, Mental Illness, ECT, Lobotomies, Freud & Jung

    Andrew Scull is a historian of psychiatry.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep502-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/andrew-scull-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Andrew’s Website (UCSD faculty page): https://sociology.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/emeritus/andrew-scull.html
    Desperate Remedies (book): https://amzn.to/4vmBquI
    Madness in Civilization (book): https://amzn.to/3SZhd0I

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.
    Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (01:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:10) – Crisis in Psychiatry
    (37:48) – Categories of Mental Illness
    (45:07) – Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis
    (57:13) – The Ice Pick Lobotomy
    (1:03:26) – Malaria “Cure” for Syphilis
    (1:21:42) – Insulin Coma Therapy
    (1:29:34) – Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
    (1:49:03) – One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
    (2:06:35) – Freud and Psychoanalysis
    (2:36:30) – WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
    (2:57:04) – Antipsychotics
    (3:20:24) – Antidepressants
    (3:33:18) – Future of Psychiatry

    PODCAST LINKS:

    – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
    – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
    – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/082a1V6nazH9ZZqskV1vfz
    – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
    – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
    – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

    3 hr 44 min
  • #501 – DHH: Future of Programming, AI, Agentic Engineering, Vibe Coding & Linux

    DHH is the creator of Ruby on Rails, Omarchy Linux, CTO of 37signals, and a racecar driver.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep501-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/dhh-2-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    DHH’s X: https://x.com/dhh
    DHH’s Blog: https://world.hey.com/dhh
    Omarchy: https://omarchy.org
    Ruby on Rails: https://rubyonrails.org
    37signals: https://37signals.com

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.
    Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex
    Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.
    Go to https://blitzy.com/lex
    NetSuite: Business management software.
    Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.
    Go to https://plaud.ai/lex
    Higgsfield AI: AI-based video generation, filmmaking, and creative studio.
    Go to https://higgsfield.ai
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (01:14) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:56) – Programming with AI agents
    (24:14) – How software will change
    (33:30) – AI impact on open source
    (43:21) – Building Omarchy Linux distro
    (53:05) – Vibe coding vs agentic engineering
    (1:06:06) – The end of manual programming
    (1:16:24) – Advice for programmers
    (1:28:31) – Surviving Internet Hate
    (1:37:46) – Programming setup for AI Agents
    (1:50:11) – Obsessing about speed
    (2:13:06) – Voice prompting vs typing
    (2:27:05) – Best AI coding models
    (2:43:55) – Best AI coding harnesses
    (2:56:57) – AI video generation and filmmaking
    (3:16:28) – Fatherhood
    (3:44:35) – Linux will win the desktop
    (3:55:51) – PewDiePie
    (4:05:25) – Future of programming
    (4:28:18) – Politics and immigration
    (4:59:55) – Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death
    (5:11:38) – Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

    5 hr 22 min
  • #500 – Khabib Nurmagomedov: Dagestan, MMA, UFC, Islam, Conor, Fedor & Football

    Khabib Nurmagomedov is one of the greatest fighters of all time, who retired from the UFC undefeated with a perfect 29-0 record. We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It’s translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks (and subtitles) are available on YouTube. Here, only the English audio is available. We worked hard to make it enjoyable to listen to, by carefully dubbing the translation using voice-cloning, as we’ve done for previous foreign-language podcasts.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep500-sc

    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/khabib-nurmagomedov-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Khabib’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/khabib_nurmagomedov/
    Khabib’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@KhabibTheEagle
    Khabib’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/KhabibTheEagle/
    Khabib’s X: https://x.com/TeamKhabib
    Khabib’s Telegram: https://t.me/khabib_nurmagomedov
    Khabib’s Website: https://khabib.com

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Wispr Flow: AI-powered voice dictation app.
    Go to https://wisprflow.ai/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:24) – Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters
    (18:31) – History of Dagestan warrior culture
    (27:51) – Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan
    (31:42) – The trap of fame, money, and power
    (42:23) – The key to Khabib’s dominance
    (53:36) – Discipline and hard work
    (1:06:04) – Street fights in Dagestan
    (1:19:45) – Khabib’s top pressure
    (1:25:29) – Khabib vs Conor McGregor
    (1:38:14) – Khabib’s toughest fight
    (1:46:02) – Greatest MMA fighters of all time
    (2:03:46) – Coaching
    (2:09:19) – Daniel Cormier
    (2:13:38) – Islam Makhachev
    (2:23:35) – Dana White
    (2:27:05) – Joe Rogan
    (2:29:20) – Ali Abdelaziz
    (2:31:57) – Football
    (2:39:12) – Messi vs Ronaldo
    (2:57:12) – Dubai
    (3:01:03) – God
    (3:08:46) – Advice for young people

    3 hr 20 min
  • #499 – Gary Gallagher: American Civil War, Slavery, Lincoln, Grant & Lee

    Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Gary’s UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher
    Gary’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher
    The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel
    The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED
    Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5
    Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X
    The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU
    The Great Courses – The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.
    Go to https://upwork.com/lex
    NetSuite: Business management software.
    Go to http://netsuite.ai/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/
    Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software.
    Go to https://plaud.ai/lex

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:36) – What caused the Civil War?
    (18:33) – Slavery
    (46:07) – Lincoln
    (1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee
    (1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided?
    (1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history
    (1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won
    (1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War
    (2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents
    (2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee
    (2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War
    (3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee
    (3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments
    (3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US

    3 hr 54 min
  • #498 – Anthony Kaldellis: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Rise & Fall of Empires

    Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldellis-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Anthony’s Books: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1
    Anthony’s Publications: https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com
    Anthony’s University of Chicago page: https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/anthony-kaldellis
    The New Roman Empire (book): https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk
    Streams of Gold (book): https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq
    Byzantium & Friends Podcast: https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/
    The History of Byzantium Podcast: https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.
    Go to https://upwork.com/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (00:11) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:45) – The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire
    (12:42) – 2,200 Years of Roman History
    (33:06) – Power, violence, and civil war
    (54:20) – Edict of Caracalla
    (1:07:17) – Crisis of the Third Century
    (1:21:45) – Constantine and the new Roman Empire
    (1:33:46) – Christianity in the Roman Empire
    (1:59:14) – Fall of the Western Roman Empire
    (2:12:11) – Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power
    (2:37:17) – Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest
    (2:54:19) – The Arab conquests
    (3:13:55) – Why the Roman empire survived so long
    (3:40:01) – Lessons from history

    PODCAST LINKS:

    – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
    – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
    – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1jkPwu6sMEVknE2bAEqdjX
    – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
    – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
    – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

    3 hr 59 min
  • #497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln

    Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/don-lincoln-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Don’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/
    Don’s Website: https://drdonlincoln.com/
    Don’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF
    Don’s YouTube Playlist: https://bit.ly/3PCIW67
    Don’s X: https://x.com/DrDonLincoln
    Don’s Books: https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ
    Don’s Great Courses: https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln
    Don’s Audible: https://adbl.co/4wGioRV
    Fermilab’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/fermilab
    Fermilab’s Website: https://www.fnal.gov/
    Fermilab’s X: https://x.com/fermilab

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers.
    Go to https://upwork.com/lex
    Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
    Go to https://larridin.com
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:52) – Unifying the laws of nature
    (23:23) – Einstein, special relativity, and general relativity
    (40:31) – Electroweak force
    (52:13) – How particle colliders work
    (1:10:16) – Higgs boson discovery
    (1:20:35) – Theory of everything
    (1:50:20) – Physics of empty space
    (1:57:45) – Antimatter
    (2:18:35) – Dark energy
    (2:22:23) – Dark matter
    (2:50:59) – Future of physics

    PODCAST LINKS:

    – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
    – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
    – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4mMlXKv1UcNsMKESrsEi9j
    – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
    – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
    – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

    3 hr 2 min
  • #496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet

    Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    FFmpeg on X: https://x.com/FFmpeg
    FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/
    VideoLAN (VLC): https://www.videolan.org/
    VideoLAN on X: https://x.com/videolan
    Jean-Baptiste’s Website: https://jbkempf.com/
    Jean-Baptiste’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/
    Jean-Baptiste’s GitHub: https://github.com/jbkempf
    Kieran’s X: https://x.com/kierank_
    Kieran’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3OORhmC
    Kieran’s GitHub: https://github.com/kierank

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
    Go to https://larridin.com
    Blitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases.
    Go to https://blitzy.com/lex
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens
    (15:12) – How video playback works
    (24:33) – Video codecs and containers
    (35:20) – FFmpeg explained
    (56:20) – Linus Torvalds
    (1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free
    (1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama
    (1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers
    (1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg
    (1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg
    (1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs
    (2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing
    (2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten)
    (2:30:39) – Rust programming language
    (2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork
    (2:48:17) – Open source burnout
    (2:56:04) – x264 and internet video
    (3:09:20) – Video compression basics
    (3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC
    (3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming
    (3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents
    (3:54:12) – VLC backdoors
    (4:04:27) – Video archiving
    (4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLC

    4 hr 24 min
  • #495 – Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age

    Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    Lars’s Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/
    The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120
    Lars’s Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw
    12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/
    Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNi

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business.
    Go to https://larridin.com
    BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling.
    Go to https://betterhelp.com/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (01:03) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (08:57) – The start of the Viking Age
    (18:50) – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology
    (32:33) – Ragnar Lothbrok
    (42:00) – The Great Heathen Army
    (46:42) – Rollo and Normandy
    (56:54) – Viking religion and Valhalla
    (1:07:25) – Viking explorers
    (1:12:33) – Vikings in North America
    (1:25:55) – Vikings in the East
    (1:45:33) – Byzantine Empire
    (1:54:17) – History and human nature

    PODCAST LINKS:

    – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
    – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
    – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5PXOiMocxV2yEh0uSUDULq
    – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
    – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
    – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

    2 hr 10 min
  • #494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution

    Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution.

    Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc
    See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

    Transcript:

    https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcript

    CONTACT LEX:

    Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey
    AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama
    Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
    Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

    EPISODE LINKS:

    NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com
    NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia
    NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI
    NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia
    NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/
    NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/
    NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/
    NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA
    Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotron

    SPONSORS:

    To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:
    Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine.
    Go to https://perplexity.ai/
    Shopify: Sell stuff online.
    Go to https://shopify.com/lex
    LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix.
    Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex
    Fin: AI agent for customer service.
    Go to https://fin.ai/lex
    Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses.
    Go to https://quo.com/lex

    OUTLINE:

    (00:00) – Introduction
    (00:26) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections
    (06:34) – Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering
    (09:20) – How Jensen runs NVIDIA
    (28:41) – AI scaling laws
    (43:41) – Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws
    (45:25) – Supply chain
    (47:20) – Memory
    (53:25) – Power
    (58:45) – Elon and Colossus
    (1:02:13) – Jensen’s approach to engineering and leadership
    (1:07:38) – China
    (1:15:51) – TSMC and Taiwan
    (1:21:06) – NVIDIA’s moat
    (1:26:43) – AI data centers in space
    (1:30:31) – Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion?
    (1:40:40) – Leadership under pressure
    (1:54:26) – Video games
    (2:01:18) – AGI timeline
    (2:03:31) – Future of programming
    (2:17:02) – Consciousness
    (2:23:23) – Mortality

    PODCAST LINKS:

    – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
    – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
    – Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0BGcaYvcDPkvBzFmkRI5uY
    – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
    – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
    – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

    2 hr 33 min

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