Diverse democracies are filled with “heretics”—citizens outside our religious and political tribes who dispute our vision of the good life and challenge all that we hold sacred. As democratic citizens, how should we respond to the heretics who contest the things we hold dear? Shadi Hamid and Matthew Kaemingk discuss the ways in which Muslims and Christians have historically made space for, listened to, and even learned from the heretics in their midst.

Links: Rousseau quote is from The Social Contract: https://bookshop.org/a/65404/9780140442014

Shadi recommends The Study Quran for English speakers: https://bookshop.org/a/65404/9780061125867

Shadi's Muslim rock band: https://shadihamid.substack.com/p/when-i-was-in-a-muslim-rock-band