https://3speak.tv/watch?v=litguru/xtvddsqz
The larger than life statue stands on the grounds of Fortaleza Ozama along the banks of the river from which it takes its name. There is an aura of contained power about the cloaked figure with a plaque at the base that reads: GONZALO FERNANDEZ DE OVIEDO.
His head is half turned, as if something on the horizon has caught his attention, oblivious to the signs of weathering on his head and shoulders, his sense of mission evident in his firm and poised demeanor.
Cronista de Indias. Alcalde de la Fortaleza de Santo Domingo desde 1533 hasta su muerte. Capital y procurador de esta ciuidad y autor de la historia general y natural de las indias escrita en este recinto
Historiador etnologo antropologo y naturalista
Chronicler of the Indies. Mayor of the Fortress of Santo Domingo from 1533 until his death. Capital and attorney of this city and author of the general and natural history of the Indies written in this enclosure
Historian, ethnologist, anthropologist, and naturalist
I stood there watching the statue. When I think about the colonization of America, images of armored sword-wielding conquistadors come to mind, not austere quill-wielding intellectuals. Yet, here was this imposing figure, a man of letters and ideas, standing tall and proud like a general. His scientific credentials further lauded by mention of how he sent emissaries far and wide to record the contents of the new world.
I made a mental note to look him up when I got back home.
“Estas Indias son tan apartadas y diferentes de todas las otras partes del mundo, que requieren diferente historia y nueva manera de escribir.”
“These Indies are so remote and different from all other parts of the world that they require a different history and a new way of writing.”
Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo, Historia general y natural de las Indias, Book 2
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés was born in Madrid in the 15th century and was educated at the court of Ferdinand and Isabella, serving as a page to their son, and basically enjoying all the perks that came with being a member of the upper class with royal ties. He traveled to the Americas soon after its European discovery by Columbus in 1492. He worked as supervisor of gold smelting in Santo Domingo, and upon his return to Spain, he was appointed historian of the West Indies.
As I read further, I realized I was in the presence of a unique figure. After his return to Spain, he continued traveling to the Americas and was put in charge of the Fortaleza Ozama.
He wrote several literary works such as the magnum opus “Historia general y natural de las Indias”, which chronicles the colonization period, reporting on its people and natural wonders across fifty volumes. These were great contributions to the natural sciences and culture in general by introducing concepts such as the hammock, pineapple, tobacco, and barbecue.
“La piña es de las frutas más hermosas y de mejor sabor que hay en estas Indias, y su figura es tan gentil que parece obra de arte más que de naturaleza.”
“The pineapple is one of the most beautiful and best-tasting fruits in these Indies, and its form is so elegant that it seems more a work of art than of nature.”
Historia general y natural de las Indias, Book 7
The General history of the Indies included descriptions of plants and animals unknown to Europeans, and some of which later went extinct and only their descriptions in the general chronicles remained. Additionally, the volume discussed the people found in the region and could be considered a pioneering work in anthropology and ethnology.
During his stay in Santo Domingo, he wrote a chivalric romance entitled Libro del muy esforzado e invencible caballero de la Fortuna propiamente llamado Don Claribalte (Book of the very valiant and invincible knight of Fortune, properly named Don Claribalte). It was the first literary work written in the Americas. From what I understand, there is something odd about the book, which was written in two parts. These two parts show differences in composition with the second part introducing magic swords, giants, and supernatural phenomena missing from the first part altogether. In a sense, it was like a romantic ghost story, and descriptions of the plot vaguely remind me of magical realism.
During the tour of the Fortaleza, I entered a room where there was an animation being shown. I noticed that there was a key recessed on the wall (or perhaps creating the illusion of hanging in mid-air), and from time to time the animation would go dark and the key would shine. I had arrived in the middle of the animation, so I wasn’t sure what was going on, especially as there appeared to be ghosts involved in the story.
I noticed a poster nearby that had as title: The Key
On the night of June 26, 1557, Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo died inside the Keep, clutching the keys to the stronghold in his hands. They say his ghost still roams this fortress where he served as the commander until his death.
Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo was more than a politician ahead of his time, he was a scientist and researcher who understood that the wealth of the New World lay in its plants, its animals, and its people. Through his book ‘The General and Natural History of the Indies,’ which he wrote within these walls, he unveiled to Spain and Europe the richness of the new discovered lands.
Listen to his story, one that deserves to be remembered.
I don't know the truth about this legend, but I wholly agree with this last sentiment. The more I learned about Don Gonzalo, the more I realized I was in the presence of a (slightly mad) genius who lived once upon a time in colonial America, and whose futuristic ideas and methodical observations had far-reaching influence (just don’t mention it to his contemporary Las Casas who apparently was not a fan of Don Gonzalo). With his courtly soldierly training, he used the intellectual tools of his age to shine a bright light on the turbulent new world of the Americas (while telling a few intriguing yarns along the way).
“La grandeza destas tierras y la diversidad de sus cosas es tal que no se puede comprehender sin verlo, y aun viéndolo, parece sueño.”
“The greatness of these lands and the diversity of their things is such that it cannot be comprehended without seeing it, and even seeing it, it seems like a dream.”
Historia general y natural de las Indias, Book 6
Resources
Don Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo Wikipedia page.
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo: Research Project
Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo. Historia general y natural de las Indias
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