Hi there, I'm Jack and I'm Raminta and welcome back to Lithuanian Out Loud where we offer the world the Lithuanian language.

According to Wikipedia, the Nemunas is a major Eastern European river beginning in Belarus and flowing through Lithuania before draining into the Curonian Lagoon and then into the Baltic Sea at Klaipėda. The Nemunas marks the border between Lithuania and Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast. It is the 14th largest river in Europe, the largest in Lithuania and the 3rd largest in Belarus, it is navigable for most of its 900-kilometer length.

Today we'll start to learn how to use Lithuanian adjectives. An adjective is a word that modifies a noun. For example, a car is a noun. What kind of car is it? We need an adjective to describe this noun. The car is expensive. Expensive is an adjective. An expensive car. A red car. An old car. A fast car.

Lithuanian adjectives can be masculine, feminine or neuter. Masculine adjectives are combined with masculine nouns and feminine adjectives are combined with feminine nouns. The neuter is used when you're referring to something inspecific.

Additionally, adjectives are plural when combined with plural nouns. For today we'll just focus on singular nouns combined with singular adjectives.

Lithuanian adjectives normally preceed the noun. Lithuanian adjectives are the only place you'll see the neuter in Lithuanian. Lithuanian adjectives agree with the gender, number and case of the noun - except when you use the neuter.

Lithuanian adjectives have three basic endings; the first, -as or –a, the second, -us or –u, and the third, -is or –ė.

the first group -as or –a has three genders – masculine, feminine and neuter the neuter has no case and no number you use the neuter when you're talking about something not identified you don't combine nouns with neutral adjectives because nouns don't have a neutral form you'll see what we mean as we go through the next few episodes the plural of –as changes to –i, the plural of -a changes to –os but on this episode we're only concerned with the singular forms

here are examples of –as and –a

small mažas / maža

soft minkštas / minkšta

hard kietas / kieta

the neuter form of this group ends in –a

maža minkšta kieta

the second group -us or –i has three genders – masculine, feminine and neuter the neuter has no case and no number the plural of –us changes to –ūs, the plural of -i changes to –ios on this episode we're only concerned with the singular forms

here are examples of –us and –i

clean švarus / švari

cheap pigus / pigi

expensive brangus / brangi

the neuter form of this group ends in –u švaru pigu brangu

the third group -is or –ė has only two genders – masculine and feminine this group doesn't have a neuter form the plural of –is changes to –iai, the plural of -ė changes to –ės

here are examples of –is and –ė

icy ledinis / ledinė

silky šilkinis / šilkinė

synthetic sintetinis / sintetinė

neuter form: none

The singular masculine adjectives end in –as –us or –is. Only –as and –us have a neuter ending.

The singular feminine adjectives end in –a –i or –ė. Only –a and –i can have a neuter ending.

Now let's go through some examples so this makes more sense.

small mažas / maža

a small dog mažas šuo

a small cat mažas katinas

a small house mažas namas

a small car mažas automobilis

a small table mažas stalas

a small country maža šalis

a small boat maža valtis

a small ant maža skruzdėlė

a small fox maža lapė

a small library maža biblioteka

neuter example:

how small! kaip maža!

-soft minkštas / minkšta

a soft armchair minkštas fotelis

a soft bag minkštas maišelis

a soft carpet minkštas kilimas

a soft cheese minkštas sūris

a soft rabbit minkštas kiškis

a soft sofa minkšta sofa

a soft blanket minkšta antklodė

a soft chair minkšta kėdė

a soft bed minkšta lova

a soft pillow minkšta pagalvė

neuter example:

how soft! kaip minkšta!

-hard kietas / kieta

a hard muffin kietas keksas

a hard cheese kietas sūris

a hard stone kietas akmuo

a hard armchair kietas fotelis

a hard bench kietas suolas

a hard sofa kieta sofa

a hard chair kieta kėdė

a hard bed kieta lova

a hard pillow kieta pagalvė

a hard bun kieta bandelė

neuter example:

how hard it is to sit here! kaip kieta čia sėdėti!

-clean švarus / švari

a clean beach švarus pliažas

a clean bowl švarus dubuo

a clean room švarus kambarys

a clean house švarus namas

a clean bedroom švarus miegamasis

a clean bathtub švari vonia

a clean kitchen švari virtuvė

a clean stove švari viryklė

a clean plate švari lėkštė

a clean saucer švari lėkštutė

neuter example:

how clean it is in the house! kaip švaru namuose!

-cheap pigus / pigi

a cheap bicycle pigus dviratis

a cheap camera pigus fotoaparatas

a cheap overcoat pigus paltas

a cheap pen pigus tušinukas

a cheap ticket pigus bilietas

a cheap dress pigi suknelė

a cheap blouse pigi bliuzelė

a cheap jacket pigi striukė

a cheap guitar pigi gitara

a cheap handbag pigi rankinė

neuter example:

in this store everything is cheap šioje parduotuvėje viskas pigu

-icy ledinis / ledinė

an icy pond ledinis tvenkinys

an icy pool ledinis baseinas

an icy drink ledinis gėrimas

an icy lake ledinis ežeras

an icy bridge ledinis tiltas

an icy river ledinė upė

an icy sea ledinė jūra

an icy street ledinė gatvė

an icy puddle ledinė bala

an icy stairway ledinė laiptinė

neuter example: there is none

-silky šilkinis / šilkinė

a silky skirt šilkinis sijonas

a silky necktie šilkinis kaklaraištis

a silky sweater šilkinis megztinis

a silky robe šilkinis chalatas

a silky pillowcase šilkinis užvalkalas

a silky dress šilkinė suknelė

a silky blouse šilkinė bliuzelė

a silky blanket šilkinė antklodė

a silky sheet šilkinė paklodė

a silky headscarf šilkinė skarelė

neuter example: there is none

-synthetic sintetinis / sintetinė

a synthetic chemical sintetinis chemikalas

a synthetic coat sintetinis paltas

a synthetic fur sintetinis kailis

a synthetic sweater sintetinis megztinis

a synthetic tie sintetinis kaklaraištis

a synthetic blouse sintetinė palaidinukė

a synthetic jacket sintetinė striukė

a synthetic fabric sintetinė medžiaga

a synthetic glove sintetinės pirštinės

a synthetic resin sintetinė derva

the adjective didelis is an oddball and it doesn't follow the normal rules

-big, heavy, large didelis / didelė

a big noise didelis triukšmas

a big elephant didelis dramblys

a big man didelis vyras

a big mountain didelis kalnas

a big house didelis namas

a big structure didelė struktūra

a big country didelė šalis

a big sofa didelė sofa

a big snowflake didelė snaigė

a large book didelė knyga

Šaunuoliai! Excellent! You made it to the end of another episode! Puiku!