Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)

Combination circuits are just series and parallel circuits combined into one circuit. So the same series and parallel circuit rules, Kirchhoff's Laws and Ohm's Laws apply. The key is to know how and where to simplify the combination circuit. There may be more than one option for you to simplify a combination circuit. Here we discuss how to simplify combination circuits to find all of the resistance, voltage power or current values needed, and we discuss how to troubleshoot combination circuits in practical situations.

Electricity & Electronics - Complete course

Hector Vladimir 2026©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQ

https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/

Electricity & Electronics, 10th Edition

Authors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. Roberts

Electricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.

Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK

http://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech

https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir

Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

Parallel circuits are thoroughly discussed in relation to ohm's law and the values of resistance, voltage, power and current. For voltage, it remains the same at each parallel junction. For current, it adds up in parallel circuits. For resistance, it is a bit more complicated, the total resistance is smaller than the lowest resistance in the circuit. And, since there are more paths for the current to travel, it will choose to travel through the lower resistances with more current. I also read how power behaves in a parallel circuit, like current, it adds up with each added branch. Remember that current and voltage are opposites in a parallel and series circuit, in a parallel voltage remains the same and in a series, it adds, and in a series circuit current remains the same while voltage adds. So, break out your pencil and calculator and follow along.

Electricity & Electronics - Complete course

Hector Vladimir 2026©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQ

https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/

Electricity & Electronics, 10th Edition

Authors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. Roberts

Electricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.

Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK

http://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech

https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir

Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

Here are discussed the formulas, rules, and concepts for the series circuit. These apply to series circuits that include a power supply, such as a battery, resistances, such as light fixtures, and current. Here, Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s law come to life. These laws can be used to find any one missing value in a series circuit. As long as at least two of the three values are known. In a series circuit, individual Voltage drops add-up, current remains equal, and resistance also adds up. Power is the product of (the multiplication result of) current and voltage, in a series circuit. Electricity & Electronics - Complete courseHector Vladimir 2026©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQhttps://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/Electricity & Electronics, 10th EditionAuthors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. RobertsElectricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

Fuel and food costs have skyrocketed lately, and most of us are suffering through this period of reckless idiocy. Here I offer a few tips on how to minimize the pain and limit the overspending in fuel and food. To save on fuel: Slow down and drive easy, don't drive as often, walk or bike when safe, and drive a small car if possible. To save on food prices. Stop eating out, no junk food, and yes sit-down restaurants all serve junk food. Stop buying food recklessly. Buy less food and of more value to you. Buy where food is cheaper of the same quality. And, don't eat as many times per day. Also, if you keep a food stash, be smart, don't over do it, and buy smart.

Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)

https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron

https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ

Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir

Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.

Hector Vladimir 2026©

Chapter 5 – This chapter introduces the 6 main sources of electricity and details the sources from chemical action and light. The voltaic effect is explained, and batteries are thoroughly discussed. Also, battery parallel and series connections are introduced. Also, the photovoltaic effect is discussed. Electricity & Electronics - Complete course.

Hector Vladimir 2026©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQhttps://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/Electricity & Electronics, 10th Edition Authors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. Roberts Electricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers. Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2026©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/#electronics #electricity #electronicscourse

Sources of energy - Here we discuss the common sources of energy for electronics work. The battery, or voltaic cell. Photovoltaic cells, the piezoelectric cell, the fuel cell, and others.

Electricity & Electronics - Complete course

Hector Vladimir 2026©

Chapter X - Chapter Name

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc54c0KickL3saW38wORiLXQ

https://www.g-wonlinetextbooks.com/cdn-1487945020009/electricity-electronics-2009/

Electricity & Electronics, 10th Edition

Authors: Howard H. Gerrish, William E. Dugger Jr. and Richard M. Roberts

Electricity & Electronics presents solid, up-to-date information on the fundamentals of electricity and electronics. The dual approach of this text teaches principles and theory accompanied by hands-on learning. Text content provides a thorough grounding in electrical principles, circuitry, and components. Additional topics include electronic communication and data systems, such as radio, television, and computers. A full chapter in this edition is devoted to microcontrollers.

Narrated - edited by Hector Vladimir 2018-2025©

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgK

http://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech

https://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByron

Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir

Substack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

Here I discuss my latest home design project for an efficient home. I chose the triangular extrusion shape in lumber framing; for cost, feasibility and practicality of its design and construction. I equipped the home for optimum efficiency for a moderate climate location. This home is small, 3 rooms total. And it is completely self-sustained and off the grid. It has solar energy and LPG powered appliances. It runs all electronics on a 48 volt system. And it has food growing and water collection as features for sustainability.

Living Off the Grid in the City Radio Show (Legacy)

https://www.youtube.com/hbcsolarpvtechbyron

https://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtech

https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61552559207892

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc5tJy1BbtZaohmLi5F0-DFZ

Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimir

Substack page: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

For information purposes only. Always follow appropriate and applicable regulatory code for all installations, modifications, and fabrications. For US electrical installations follow the codes of the authority having jurisdiction. For international electrical installations follow the codes of your region’s electrical authority.

Hector Vladimir 2025©

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Here are some basic troubleshooting steps for finding and fixing ground faults in the T-MEIC Inverter- PV system.

This audiobook discusses the reasons for colonizing space. By "colonizing space" I argue that we must persistently inhabit at least one orbiting habitat for several important reasons. Primarily for the manufacturing and launching of deep-space craft. Secondarily for energy production; research; development; and human expansion. Here I argue that it is more feasible to build space habitats than colonizing other "hostile" planets. Gravity, breathable air, and other commodities may be easier to provide in space habitats as compared to the surface of the moon, Mars or Venus. This audiobook is a survey of important reasons to go and stay in space.Hector Vladimir 2015-2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/

How to find and repair ground faults in solar PV systems. An article by Fluke.com/Renewable energy/Solar power. See link below. Here I read the entire article and present meticulously prepared diagrams and photographs to help you find and repair ground faults in a utility scale PV system. This procedure may help you find and repair ground faults in smaller, commercial or residential PV systems. This article also goes over the test results to expect from a normal PV string, and a ground faulted PV string. It goes over the current, voltage, and resistance tests used to locate ground faults. First some definitions. A PV array is the entire collection of PV strings including all modules that combine in a single combiner box. The module is the individual solar panel, and the string is the collection of modules connected in series within an array. A combiner box is the point where all strings of an array meet, and each negative wire home run is combined at a single negative bus bar. Same with the positive string home runs, they all combine in a positive busbar in the combiner box. An inverter is the device that all combiner boxes outgoing feeder cables go to. Many combiner boxes feed one central inverter, when the central inverter is used in the PV system. If a string inverter is used instead, strings go the string inverter, instead of the combiner box. Again, many strings may feed a string inverter. A ground fault, is an unintentional connection between a current carrying conductor and non-current grounded part of the system, such as racking, the inverter, or metal conduits. Grounded parts are generally metallic and can easily carry current. However, in a PV system, grounded parts are generally grounded to provide a path to ground in case of a lightning strike. When a current is transferred to a grounded part of a PV system, it may cause high currents, heating, and potentially a fire. For this PV systems have ground fault detection and interruption (GFDI) devices. Which detect and send a signal for the system to shut down, to prevent these mentioned hazards. This article tells you what ground faults are, types of ground faults, several techniques on how to find them, how to repair them. Voltage testing, insulation or resistance testing, live-dead-live, and other procedures are explained here too.Source:How to find and repair ground faults in solar PV systems | Flukehttps://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/renewable-energy/how-to-find-ground-faults-in-pv-systems?srsltid=AfmBOopcZtYrf3pgqD9byW_pgigVarF_ekkmBMAH3xcK1mJHFd4CDodlLockout Tagout procedure:https://www.fluke.com/en-us/learn/blog/renewable-energy/solar-panel-safety-lockout-tagoutKeywords: solar, energy, renewable, ground fault, pv system, pv array, pv string, insulation test, voltage test, megger, ohm, meter, voltage, resistance, current, current test, live dead live, megohmmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, ohmmeter, intermittent ground fault, hard ground fault, residual current device, rcd, gfdi, ground fault detection interrupter.Read and edited by Hector Vladimir, June 2025.Hector Vladimir 2025©https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyWqApEqGtc6nd-_C6bkiKnMxLBg7DfgKhttp://www.youtube.com/@hbcsolarpvtechhttps://www.youtube.com/@HBCSolarPVTechByronPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/hectorvladimirSubstack: https://hectorvladimir.substack.com/