LNG Unlocked by AI

What does it really mean to keep the world’s trade moving from the deck of a ship—when it costs you months, even years, away from everything and everyone you love? In this gripping episode, we pull back the curtain on the hidden psychological toll faced by 1.6 million seafarers powering global commerce. Hear first-hand accounts of isolation, heartbreak, and resilience: from a midnight intervention that saved a life on the open ocean, to the agony of sailors missing family milestones, and the haunting reality of ambiguous loss.We delve deep into eye-opening studies and sobering statistics—like the 11% of crew fatalities attributed to suicide—and reveal why decades of industry inaction are finally colliding with legal and social pressure to deliver real change. Discover the ingenious survival strategies mariners have honed over centuries, from ritualised camaraderie to mindful adaptation, and learn how these lessons resonate far beyond the sea—touching anyone who’s ever faced isolation.Explore the growing network of crisis helplines, wellness programmes, and technology-driven connections making a difference—but also where gaps remain. And hear how landmark court rulings and collaborative initiatives are reshaping duty of care across shipping.Whether you’re in maritime, fascinated by human resilience, or simply curious about the invisible lives behind your everyday goods, this episode will challenge your perspective—and leave you asking what true connection means, on land or at sea.Press play to embark on this compelling journey into the heart of the maritime mental health crisis—and discover what we can all learn from those who weather isolation at the world’s edge.Keywords:

• seafarers
• maritime mental health
• isolation at sea
• separation
• global shipping
• crew wellbeing
• depression
• suicide prevention
• resilience
• maritime industry
• wellness at sea
• support systems
• crisis helplines
• crew support
• ambiguous loss
• family separation
• shipping industry
• mental health stigma
• maritime law
• duty of care
• seafarer stories
• psychological strain
• long-term deployment
• technology onboard ships
• peer support
• crew change
• COVID-19 impact maritime
• human cost of trade

References:
https://smea.uw.edu/currents/lost-at-sea-seafarers-and-mental-health/2.https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/2564599/fleet-and-family-launches-departure-separation-early-to-support-sailors-mental/3.https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/1717094-loneliness-of-seafarers-highlighted-in-report4.https://maritimefairtrade.org/mental-health-at-sea-tackling-seafarers-invisible-crisis/5.https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/crewing/at-least-11-of-seafarer-deaths-due-to-suicide-gard6.https://www.nautilusint.org/en/news-insight/news/seafarer-repatriation-delayed-by-flag-state-and-charterer/7.https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/stories/sailors-isolation-and-mental-health8.https://safety4sea.com/iswan-receives-concerning-number-of-seafarer-helpline-contacts/9.https://www.portvisitor.com/help-for-seafarers/10.https://britanniapandi.com/2024/09/sailors-society-pioneering-seafarer-wellbeing-in-a-changing-maritime-industry/11.https://maritime-executive.com/article/court-upholds-cma-cgm-manslaughter-verdict-over-captain-s-suicide12.https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/breaking-the-taboo-of-seafarer-mental-health13.https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-depths-empowering-seafarers-mental-health-month-contreras14.https://www.onmanorama.com/news/straight-talk/2020/04/01/survive-isolation-abhilash-tomy.html15.https://globalsolochallenge.com/joshua-slocum-en/16.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayyUn8hDTHE17.https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/08/998540/coronavirus-lockdown-isolation-rose-george/18.https://cabincrewhq.com/fight-loneliness/19.https://www.seafarerswelfare.org/news/2017/a-seafarers-story20.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_aK5MWSGlA21.https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/167326/1/Seafarers-mental-health-wellbeing-full-report (link to IOSHsite).pdf22.https://iosh.com/media/12263/iosh-research-seafarers-mental-health-wellbeing-full-report.pdf23.https://smea.uw.edu/currents/lost-at-sea-seafarers-and-mental-health/24.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.581496/full

Unlocking the Future of Shipping: Inside the MAN B&W ME-GI EngineReady to discover the game-changing tech powering the next generation of global shipping? In this episode, we dive deep into the MAN B&W ME-GI engine—a dual-fuel powerhouse making serious waves across the maritime world. Whether you’re a marine engineer, shipping professional, or just a tech enthusiast, this is your quick, no-nonsense guide to what makes the ME-GI a big deal for both business and the environment.Key Takeaways:

• What is the ME-GI?
• Explore the evolution of MAN Energy Solutions’ two-stroke marvel, purpose-built for fuel flexibility and environmental performance.
• How does it work?
• Unpack the clever high-pressure gas injection system, diesel cycle combustion, and innovative timing that slashes emissions and keeps efficiency sky-high.
• Why does it matter?
• Learn how this engine empowers shipowners to cut costs, meet tough IMO emissions standards, and future-proof their fleets with seamless switching between LNG and traditional fuels—plus readiness for tomorrow’s greener options.
• Real-world impact:
• Hear how over 300 engines and 1.5 million+ operating hours prove its reliability on everything from LNG carriers to giant container ships.
• The environmental edge:
• See how the ME-GI nearly eliminates SOx and particulates, slashes NOx and CO₂, and achieves industry-leading low methane slip—crucial for decarbonising shipping.
• Expert insights:
• Get the inside track on operational upgrades, safety systems, and what’s next as the industry eyes fuels like ammonia and methanol.

Curious how cutting-edge engineering is making cleaner, more flexible shipping a reality—and what comes after LNG? Press play now for your essential briefing on the engine that's steering global shipping into a greener future!Subscribe, share, and join the conversation as we chart the course toward net zero on the high seas.

Navigating the Tides of Employment: A History and Analysis of Seafarer Contracts and Illegal Practices
Set sail on a revealing journey through the evolution of seafarer employment contracts and the persistent challenges of illegal and unfair clauses that threaten the rights and welfare of those who keep global trade afloat.
In this comprehensive episode, we chart the centuries-long history of maritime labour agreements—from early “Articles of Agreement” to today’s detailed Seafarer Employment Agreements (SEAs), shaped by landmark international regulations like the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006. Discover how these contracts are far more than paperwork: they are vital safeguards for seafarers’ wages, working hours, medical care, repatriation rights, and social security.
Uncover the darker side of seafaring employment as we expose illegal practices such as forced waiver of repatriation rights, unpaid mandatory overtime, opaque wage clauses, and coercive signing tactics. Learn how these abuses undermine not only individual seafarers but also the integrity of the entire maritime industry.
Explore the crucial roles played by flag states, crewing agencies, trade unions, and international organisations in enforcing fair labour standards. We also highlight emerging digital tools designed to enhance contract transparency and compliance.
Whether you’re a seafarer, industry professional, or labour rights advocate, this episode equips you with essential knowledge to recognise unfair contract terms and empowers you with practical guidance on what to watch for before signing your SEA.
**Key Takeaways:**- The historical development and legal significance of seafarer contracts  - Core provisions mandated by international conventions and their variations by flag state  - Identification of illegal and exploitative contract clauses  - The impact of unfair practices on seafarers’ health, rights, and industry reputation  - Enforcement mechanisms and reporting channels including ITF and Port State Control  - The power of seafarer education, trade unions, and digital innovation in safeguarding rights  
**Tune in now to navigate the complex waters of maritime employment law and stand up for fair treatment at sea!**
*Keywords: #seafarer contracts, #Maritime Labour Convention, # illegal clauses, #maritime labour rights, #seafarer welfare, #repatriation rights, #crewing agencies, #maritime industry standards*---Bartulović, Ž., & Aflić, M. (2018). Sailor’s Service from Medieval Times to Modern Maritime Labour Conventions. In Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science (Vol. 55, Issue 1, pp. 167–182). Association for Promotion and Development of Maritime Industries. https://doi.org/10.18048/2018.00.11Nævestad, T. O., Laiou, A., Størkersen, K. V., Phillips, R., Yannis, G., Bjørnskau, T., & Amundsen, A. (2018). Maritime safety culture and safety behaviours in Greece and Norway: Comparing professional seafarers and private leisure boat users. In Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World (1st ed., pp. 2903–2911). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351174664-364JIANG, N., & WANG, Y. (2019). Uncertainties regarding the right to labour. In Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal (Vol. 3, Issue 5). MedCrave Group, LLC. https://doi.org/10.15406/ahoaj.2019.03.00132Chin, C. B. N. (2008). Labour Flexibilization at Sea. In International Feminist Journal of Politics (Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 1–18). Informa UK Limited. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616740701747584Shan, D., & Zhang, P. (2020). Enforcing workers’ compensation rights for Chinese seafarers in human resource supply chains. In The Economic and Labour Relations Review (Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 247–265). Cambridge University Press (CUP). https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304620962724Zhao, Z., Jepsen, J. R., & Tang, L. (2016). The reform of Chinese state-owned ship crewing agencies and implications for China’s seafaring labour export. In Maritime Policy & Management (Vol. 43, Issue 6, pp. 737–747). Informa UK Limited. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2016.1169450Anugerah, T. H. (2020). REGULATION CONCERNING SEAFARER ON MARITIME LABOR CONVENTION 2006. In Lampung Journal of International Law (Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 71–78). Fiat Justisia. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v1i2.2028Rym, O. M. (2019). COLLECTIVE LABOUR RIGHTS AS THE PRINCIPLES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION LABOUR LAW. In Actual problems of native jurisprudence (Issue 05, pp. 43–46). Oles Honchar Dnipropetrovsk National University. https://doi.org/10.15421/391954Jiang, N., HAN, R., & WANG, Y. (2019). Incompetence of the duty to labour rules in resolving labour rights conflicts. In Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal (Vol. 7, Issue 4, pp. 164–166). MedCrave Group, LLC. https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2019.07.00281Savage, L. (2008). Labour Rights as Human Rights? A Response to Roy Adams. In Just Labour. York University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.25071/1705-1436.80Bellace, J. R., & ter Haar, B. (2019). Perspectives on labour and human rights. In Research Handbook on Labour, Business and Human Rights Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781786433114.00007Philipp, R., Prause, G., & Gerlitz, L. (2019). Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Entrepreneurial Collaboration in Maritime Supply Chains. In Transport and Telecommunication Journal (Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 365–378). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. https://doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2019-0030

The Wartsila W50DF operation manual is more than just a reference; it’s a step-by-step guide for marine engineers, covering everything from system design and baseline data to complex troubleshooting and hands-on maintenance. The manual teaches engineers to use both data (like power output, K factors, WECS8000 alerts) and physical symptoms (noise, vibration, smoke) to spot problems early.When an issue arises, the manual helps link symptoms to likely causes by guiding engineers through relevant systems—whether it’s combustion problems, fuel delivery, or the engine control system. Detailed system explanations mean you’re not just guessing, but investigating with understanding.Once the likely cause is found, the manual’s structured maintenance procedures provide clear, safe instructions for repairs or regular upkeep. It’s full of practical tips and critical warnings learned from real-world experience: always disconnect live power before working, prevent contamination, replace gaskets and seals, use the right lubricants for O-rings, and never run engines at very low loads for too long.The preventive maintenance schedules help avoid failures before they happen, stressing proactive checks based on hours and performance—not just routine. Every action is linked back to safety and reliability.In short, mastering this manual isn’t just about fixing one engine. It’s about building the deep skills and careful habits that prepare engineers for any future marine technology.
Keywords

• Wartsila W50DF
• marine engine troubleshooting
• WECS8000
• K factors
• preventive maintenance
• operation manual
• safety procedures
• engine diagnostics
• root cause analysis
• maintenance best practices

Step into the engine room of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carrier, where marine engineers face a daily battle against extreme temperatures and complex technology. This episode uncovers the immense technical and operational hurdles encountered while managing cryogenic systems at -162°C, ensuring the integrity of cargo containment, and operating sophisticated dual-fuel engines. We'll explore the intricacies of handling boil-off gas, the relentless pressure of tight schedules and rapid port turnarounds, and the critical planned maintenance routines that keep these colossal vessels operational. Discover the world of high-stakes problem-solving when machinery breakdowns occur, from propulsion issues to cargo pump failures, and the constant vigilance required to maintain safety amidst flammable, cryogenic cargo.
Life as a marine engineer on an LNG carrier extends far beyond the machinery. This episode delves into the significant human factors and psychological impacts of this demanding profession. We explore the profound sense of isolation during long voyages, separated from family and friends with limited shore time. We'll discuss the daily challenge of clear communication within multinational crews, where language nuances and cultural differences can impact teamwork, especially in high-stress situations. The episode also sheds light on the constant psychological pressure of managing potentially hazardous systems, the fatigue from demanding work schedules, and the unofficial but vital role engineers play in maintaining morale and supporting their colleagues in a confined, high-stakes environment
Addressing the unique challenges of LNG carrier operations requires a forward-thinking approach. This episode focuses on the critical importance of specialized training and advanced maintenance technologies in enhancing safety and efficiency. We examine the need for targeted training programs that go beyond basic certification, covering cryogenic systems, high-pressure gas handling, dual-fuel engine specifics, and emergency response. The discussion will also highlight the role of predictive maintenance technologies, advanced diagnostic systems, and condition monitoring in proactively managing equipment health, reducing downtime, and preventing failures. Ultimately, we explore how investing in both human capital and technological innovation is essential for building a competent, resilient engineering workforce capable of meeting the growing demands of the global LNG shipping industry and ensuring the safe, reliable transport of this vital energy source

In this episode—Measuring Returns on Seafarer Investment—we’re tackling a question that’s more relevant than ever for LNG shipping: What’s the real, measurable value of investing in your crew?Forget the old idea that seafarer training and development are just expenses. New industry insights show that every dollar put into your people can generate as much as seven dollars in return. That’s not wishful thinking—it’s a game-changer for how we look at human capital.We’ll break down why focusing on seafarers goes way beyond compliance or checking boxes. You’ll hear how modern human capital management is reshaping the industry, and why it’s not just about administration anymore—it’s about building competence, boosting safety, and driving better business results.We’ll also dig into the practical side: How do you actually measure ROI on crew investments? What KPIs matter? And what are the real challenges in upskilling crews for today’s rapidly changing maritime landscape?Whether you’re in fleet management, HR, or out at sea, this episode will give you a clear, practical framework for understanding—and proving—the value of investing in your people.Let’s jump in and see why crew competence isn’t just important—it’s essential for success.
Sources Referenced

• "From safety performance to Human Capital ROI" — https://www.maritimeexecutive.com/editorials/from-safety-performance-to-human-capital-roi
• "Human Resources (HR): Meaning and Responsibilities" — https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/humanresources.asp
• "Maritime HCM for a Sustainable Future" — https://www.maritimeprofessional.com/news/maritime-sustainable-future-372261
• "Seafarer Safety and Alternative Fuels" — https://www.dnv.com/expert-story/maritime-impact/Seafarer-safety-and-alternative-fuels.html
• "What Is Human Capital Management? Guide for Maritime" — https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/what-is-human-capital-management-guide-for-maritime

Imagine a ship at sea with no engine noise, no crew on the bridge—just screens streaming data from a distant command centre. This isn’t sci-fi; it’s the rapidly approaching future of maritime automation.
In this compelling episode of *The Deep Dive*, we unpack the seismic technological shifts transforming the shipping industry. Drawing on expert insights and real-world projects—from autonomous ferries in Finland and Singapore’s cutting-edge trials to satellite-enabled navigation systems—we reveal how automation is rewriting the rules at sea.
But what does this mean for the millions of seafarers whose livelihoods depend on traditional roles? With automation poised to replace up to 77% of medium-skilled maritime jobs and disrupt shore-based operations too, the stakes couldn’t be higher. We discuss:
- The accelerating pace of AI, robotics, and machine learning in shipping- Regulatory challenges and the global patchwork of maritime laws- Lessons from aviation’s automation journey and its implications for safety- The critical need for new skills, training, and career adaptation- Real examples of autonomous vessels already in operation- Economic pressures and workforce shortages driving this urgent change
Whether you’re a seafarer, maritime professional, or industry observer, this episode offers vital insights to help you understand and prepare for an automated future that is no longer distant—it’s unfolding now.
**Tune in to discover how you can navigate this transformation and stay ahead in a world where the hum of machines replaces the rumble of engines. Press play and dive deep into the future of shipping today.**

Did you know the ocean stores around 50 times more carbon dioxide than the entire atmosphere? That staggering fact is at the heart of our next episode, where we explore whether this massive carbon reservoir could be harnessed to help solve climate change.We’ll take you inside some of the most innovative—and controversial—projects aiming to boost the ocean’s own carbon-capturing power. From extracting CO₂ directly from seawater to adding special minerals that make the ocean “hungrier” for atmospheric carbon, you’ll hear how scientists are testing bold new ideas in real-world pilot projects.But it isn’t just about the technology. We dig into tough questions about energy demands, costs, and what these interventions might mean for marine life and coastal communities. Is this the breakthrough climate solution we need, or are we risking unintended harm to the ecosystems we depend on?Join us as we break down the science, the stakes, and the debates shaping the future of ocean-based carbon removal. If you’re curious about how big ideas could shift the fight against climate change—and what it might mean for our oceans—this is an episode you won’t want to miss!
The content was sourced from https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cr788kljlklohttps://www.euronews.com/green/2025/03/24/ocean-dumping-or-climate-solution-inside-the-race-to-lock-away-planet-warming-carbon-in-ou

Glossary of Key Terms in this episode

• An established schedule of working time and free time for ship crew members, designed to prevent fatigue and ensure the safety of operations.
• Conditions and practices for the safe operation of the ship and the performance of tasks on board.
• International and national regulations governing the conditions of employment, work and life of seafarers.
• The process of tracking and evaluating the crew's ability to perform duties without excessive fatigue.
• A set of laws, conventions, and regulations governing maritime activities, including safety, environmental protection, and workers' rights.
• Activities to ensure that seafarers' training, certification and watches comply with the requirements of the International Convention on Standards for Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers.
• Inspections of ships at foreign ports to verify compliance with international regulations on safety, environmental protection, and living and working conditions at sea.
• International standard for safe ship operation and pollution prevention.
• Specialist services provided to shipowners and operators in the field of maritime regulations, safety and management.
• A person or organization with an interest in a given case or activity, in this case in the maritime industry (e.g. shipowners, crews, international organizations).
• A structured system designed to identify, assess, and mitigate the risks associated with fatigue in the workplace.
• The organization of work on a ship in which the crew is divided into groups (watches) working and resting at specific time intervals.
• Strategies and practices to minimize the impact of fatigue on the safety and productivity of seafarers.
• Basic rights and protections for people working at sea, including decent working and living conditions, fair pay and health care.
• international ILO treaty establishing minimum standards for seafarers' working rights and conditions.
• The approximate number of people working at sea worldwide.
• MLC requirements for living quarters and recreational facilities for seafarers.
• Facilities on ships designed to spend their free time and relax seafarers.
• relationship between mental health and seafarers' work performance.
• The role of appropriate living and recreational conditions in reducing the negative effects of working at sea.
• MLC standards for food and water supply on ships.
• Documents confirming the ship's compliance with the MLC requirements, issued by the flag state.
• Documents accompanying the MLCert, consisting of a part describing the rules of the flag state and a part describing the obligations of the shipowner.
• Part of the DMLC containing information on the laws and regulations of the flag State concerning MLCs.
• Part of the DMLC containing information on the specific measures taken by the shipowner to comply with the MLC on the ship in question.
• Purpose of Port State Control in relation to the MLC.
• A situation in which the shipowner does not fulfill his obligations to the seafarer, e.g. does not provide him with a return home, does not pay a salary or does not provide the necessary means of subsistence.
• Facilities that are recommended or required to allow seafarers to contact family and friends.
• The general health, safety, comfort and satisfaction of seafarers in their working and living environment.
• An international federation of trade unions representing transport workers, including seafarers.
• practice of registering ships in countries other than the country of their owner, often to avoid higher taxes or stricter regulations.
• Recommendations to improve the working conditions of seafarers, promote diversity and inclusion, and address labour shortages in the maritime industry.
• A policy of not accepting any form of inappropriate behavior and providing mechanisms for reporting and responding to such incidents.
• The practice of treating seafarers fairly in terms of employment conditions and avoiding unjust changes.
• The process of regularly consulting seafarers and using them to improve working conditions.

Join us as we navigate the turbulent waters of maritime law and explore a disturbing trend affecting seafarers worldwide: the increasing criminalization of maritime professionals following accidents and pollution incidents.In this eye-opening discussion, we unpack the complexities surrounding the distinction between genuine accidents and criminal negligence. With insightful analysis, we delve into high-profile cases like the Erica oil spill and examine how economic pressures and maintenance neglect can lead to catastrophic outcomes—and unjust legal repercussions for seafarers simply doing their jobs.What rights do seafarers have when faced with potential criminal charges? What steps can they take to protect themselves? We provide essential insights into the fundamental rights of seafarers, including their right to remain silent, access to legal representation, and the importance of being informed about their rights in any investigation.We also highlight the crucial role of organisations like the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF) and Seafarers Rights International in advocating for fair treatment and providing vital resources for seafarers under scrutiny.Tune in for this compelling conversation that not only raises awareness about a critical issue but also equips seafarers with the knowledge they need to navigate these complex legal waters.Don’t miss it—press play now and empower yourself with knowledge!
For more resources:
ITF and the Criminalisation of SeafarersThe International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) has been actively involved in combating the criminalisation of seafarers, a growing concern within the maritime industry. This issue arises when seafarers are unfairly held responsible for maritime incidents or operations, leading to unjust legal repercussions and human rights violations.Causes and Consequences of Criminalisation

• Maritime Accidents: Seafarers are often scapegoated for accidents at sea, facing criminal charges and prolonged detentions[3][4].
• Contraband and Smuggling: The detection of contraband on board can lead to seafarers being charged with crimes they did not commit[4].
• Legislative Challenges: Proposed legislation, such as certain immigration law amendments, can further exacerbate the issue by forcing seafarers into unlawful situations, like assisting those in distress at sea[3].

ITF’s Response to CriminalisationActions Taken by ITF

1. Legal Assistance and Representation:

• The ITF provides legal aid to seafarers facing criminal charges, connecting them with specialized maritime lawyers[1].
• It advises seafarers on their legal rights and responsibilities to navigate complex legal situations[1].

1. International Advocacy:

• ITF campaigns for fair treatment guidelines to be recognized and implemented globally, promoting the presumption of innocence for seafarers[2].
• It works with organizations like the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to address criminalisation on a global scale[2].

1. Training and Awareness:

• The ITF conducts training programs to educate seafarers about best practices and legal procedures, reducing the risk of unfair treatment[1].
• It raises awareness about criminalisation within the maritime industry, pushing for legislative changes that protect seafarers' rights[1].

1. Collaboration with Industry Partners:

• ITF collaborates with industry bodies like the International Chamber of Shipping and the International Federation of Shipmasters Associations (IFSMA) to promote fair treatment guidelines[2].

Recent Developments and Challenges-IMO Legal Committee: The IMO Legal Committee has made criminalisation of seafarers a key part of its work programme, aiming to develop guidelines for fair treatment in cases of detention[2].

• Legislative Risks: Proposed laws, such as those that criminalize rescue operations at sea, pose significant challenges to seafarers' rights and safety[3].

ConclusionIn summary, the ITF is strongly committed to protecting seafarers from unfair criminalisation. Through its legal support, advocacy, and awareness campaigns, ITF works to ensure seafarers receive fair treatment under the law. As the maritime industry evolves, addressing these issues remains crucial for safeguarding the welfare and rights of seafarers worldwide.Sources:

• [1] www.mascotmaritime.com
• [2] www.itfglobal.org
• [3] www.seafarers.org
• [4] www.itfseafarers.org

visit ITF and Seafarers Rights International.