Nearly every book in the Old Testament refers to the dramatic moment of the Exodus, especially the Psalms. Psalm 78, for example, looks back to “the day he [God] redeemed them [the people of Israel] from the oppressor, the day he displayed his signs in Egypt . . .He brought his people out like a flock; he led them like sheep through the wilderness” (Ps. 78:40–55). The wonders God worked in Egypt on behalf of His people inspired faith in many subsequent generations of Israelites (Ex. 10:2). The so-called “gods” of Egypt were swept aside by the one true King of kings. Hapi, god of the Nile, would have been humiliated by the first plague. Heqt, god of childbirth, often represented as a frog, was mocked by the second plague. Various gods were represented as bulls and cows, but they couldn’t save the livestock. Seth, god of wind and storms, couldn’t stop the hail. Min, god of fertility and vegetation, couldn’t save the crops from the locusts. Serapis, god of the land, couldn’t protect it. And when darkness covered Egypt for three days during the ninth plague, everyone but Pharaoh gave up and acknowledged the superior greatness of God. Why? Because the Egyptian pantheon of idols was ruled by Ra, the sun god. God sending darkness was a direct and unequivocal statement that He was bringing “judgment on all the gods of Egypt” (Ex. 12:12). After the eighth plague, Pharaoh confessed, “I have sinned against the Lord your God and against you” (Ex. 10:16). Yet even so, his heart remained hard. After the ninth plague, he even threatened Moses: “Get out of my sight! Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will die” (Ex. 10:28).