Made it in Thailand

Made it in Thailand

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Made it in Thailand episodes

  • How to Lead Teams in Thailand: Lessons From a Former dtac CPO | Nardrerdee "GoonG" Arj-harnwongse

    Nardrerdee "GoonG" Arj-harnwongse started her career as one of the first 30 employees at Lotus Supercenter. A few years later, the 1997 crisis hit, and she was in the room telling hundreds of new management trainees, face to face, that their jobs were gone.

    That set the pattern for a 30-year career inside Lotus, Tesco Lotus, Nokia, Unilever, dtac and Asset World Corporation (AWC). Acquisitions, a three-year decline, digital disruption, COVID. Every new role was supposed to be easier. None of them were.

    We discussed how to lead teams in Thailand through change, and what actually holds a team together when the business is under pressure. Why Tesco told Lotus staff it bought the company because they were good, and changed almost nothing in year one. How an anonymous internal app at dtac, with a 48-hour response rule for the CEO and every C-level leader, showed her how her people actually felt. Why Nokia refused to call itself a family. And the question foreign leaders ask most: can Thai teams take direct feedback? 

    If you're leading a team in Thailand through a tough stretch, this one is worth your time.

    ABOUT THE GUEST
    Nardrerdee "GoonG" Arj-harnwongse is a people and transformation leader with three decades inside some of Thailand's largest companies. She was employee #30 at Lotus Supercenter and helped staff through the Tesco acquisition, then held HR leadership roles at Nokia and Unilever, where she led people strategy across multiple countries during a turnaround. She served as Chief People Officer at dtac for nearly eight years, and most recently as Chief People Officer at Asset World Corporation. She now sits on a board and advises business owners on leadership and change.

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    CHAPTERS
    00:00 Meet Khun GoonG
    02:25 1997 Thailand Crisis at Lotus
    03:58 Handling Layoffs Humanely
    06:18 Tesco Acquisition Shift
    08:25 Culture Change Training
    10:55 Restructuring as a Career
    12:11 Unilever Turnaround Story
    15:59 Raising Engagement Fast
    19:07 What is Fractiond?
    20:08 Changes That Stick
    20:59 Anonymous Feedback Platform
    25:37 COVID Feedback Pulse
    26:14 Trust Through Transparency
    28:26 Implementing Agile
    32:25 Leading Change Resistance
    34:19 Nokia Employability Mindset
    36:50 Rolling Out AI Change
    41:43 Great Leaders Traits
    44:09 Feedback in Thai Culture
    48:22 Board Life and New Chapter
    51:08 Final Tips

    #LeadingThroughChange #WorkingInThailand #ThaiBusiness #ChangeManagement #LeadershipInThailand #BusinessInAsia #FractionalLeadership

    54 min
  • He Built a New Life in Thailand From Scratch | Vic Levitin

    Vic left Israel with his family after October 7th and is now three years into life on Koh Samui. He rebuilt from scratch with no local network and grew a SaaS to $90,000 a month, until his payment processor shut the whole category down and most of that revenue was gone in a day.

    We got into how he built it and what he took away from it. The parts of a business you don't control can end it, even when the product works and people are paying. Prove demand before you build. Know who your real customer actually is. And when anyone can build with AI, the audience is the hard part, which is why Vic now brings the people who own that trust in as partners instead of paying affiliates. He also talks about hitting $90K a month and feeling empty, and why he was already looking for the exit before the business got pulled out from under him.

    If you're building in Thailand or thinking about the move, this one's worth your time.

    ABOUT THE GUEST

    Vic Levitin is an entrepreneur with two decades of building across e-commerce, SaaS, biotech, and AI. He founded CrazyLister, a design platform for eBay sellers that raised venture funding and passed $2M in ARR, and later led Diptera AI, a mosquito-control company now backed by the Gates Foundation. After moving from Israel to Koh Samui, he built an AI image platform for online creators to $90,000 a month. He now builds SaaS companies in partnership with domain experts across several industries.

    https://www.linkedin.com/in/viclevitin/
    https://www.viclevitin.com/
    https://dazy.ai/

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    CHAPTERS
    00:00 Meet Vic
    02:33 Escape and Relocate
    03:30 First Year Struggles
    04:19 Why Koh Samui
    06:49 Visas and Legal Setup
    08:20 US LLC Playbook
    10:16 CrazyLister Origin Story
    13:31 Mosquito Tech Mission
    17:28 Rebuilding in Thailand
    18:58 Solar Business Reality Check
    24:46 AI Influencer SaaS Launch
    29:39 Validation Before Building
    33:11 Partnering for Distribution
    36:57 From 30K to 90K MRR
    38:31 Payments Rug Pull
    42:08 High Leverage Founder Work
    46:55 Meaning Beyond Money
    50:57 Closing

    #BuildingInThailand #SaaSFounder #ExpatEntrepreneur #WorkingInThailand #ThailandEntrepreneur #FractionalLeadership #BusinessInAsia

    52 min
  • Corporate to Business Owner: What It Really Takes to Make the Jump | Steven McGinnes

    Event Details & Registration
    https://www.scottpressimone.com/freedom-bkk/

    Steven McGinnes lives in Phuket, works from a sailboat, and has built the kind of life that looks effortless on LinkedIn. He's also one of the most honest people I've spoken with about what it actually costs to get there.

    That gap between the 4pm on the water and the 4am worrying about whether the invoice lands is exactly what this conversation is about. Steven spent his career in the creative agency world before going out on his own. He's watched enough people make the same avoidable mistakes to know which ones to flag early.

    We covered a lot of ground, but it kept returning to the same core tension: freedom and accountability scale together. The more of one you want, the more of the other you're signing up for. What most people making the jump from corporate underestimate is not the hustle. It's the invisible infrastructure they never had to think about. The vendor setup. The payment terms. The cash flow gap. The fact that 65% of business failures come not from a lack of clients, but from the timing of when money arrives versus when it goes out.

    We also got into the T-shaped skill set. You don't need to become an expert in finance or new business development or legal setup. You need to be competent enough that none of them kill you. And you need to start building your network before you desperately need it, because the people who wait until they're hungry are already too late.

    ABOUT THE GUEST
    Steven McGinnes is a Bangkok and Phuket-based independent operator and keynote speaker with a background in creative agency leadership across Asia. After building a career running client teams and regional creative operations, he went out on his own and has been working from Thailand ever since, with clients across Asia, the US, and beyond. He's co-organizing our upcoming June 26th event on making the jump from corporate to independent.
    https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevenmcginnes/

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    CHAPTERS
    00:00 Introduction
    00:47 Meet Steven
    03:23 Event in Bangkok
    05:04 Three Reasons to Go Solo
    07:27 Identity and Disappearing Roles
    09:50 T Shaped Skills for Founders
    15:14 Sales Discomfort and Accountability
    19:57 Passion vs Paid Market
    26:05 Unknown Unknowns and Admin
    27:07 Vendor Setup Headaches
    27:32 Cash Flow Payment Delays
    28:35 Founder Mindset Shift
    30:24 Is It Worth It
    32:10 Freedom Versus Accountability
    33:57 Job Security Illusion
    37:24 Working From Thailand
    39:31 Doing It Above Board
    43:09 Hidden Costs Unknowns
    46:44 Build Network Early
    48:04 Choosing Clients Saying No
    49:39 Workshop Format Follow Up
    53:02 Final Takeaways Closing

    #CorporateToEntrepreneur #GoingFractional #BangkokBusiness #WorkingInThailand #IndependentOperator #ThailandEntrepreneur #FractionalLeadership #BusinessInAsia

    55 min
  • The School Question Parents in Thailand Get Wrong | Donnah Ciempka

    The most common question in every family-focused Thailand expat group is "what's the best school?" and it's the wrong place to start. I sat down with Donnah Ciempka, who spent five years as Head of School at Ascot International Bangkok, to work through what parents actually need to be thinking about, partly because I'm raising my own children here and I wanted the honest version.


    We covered a lot of ground, but most of it kept coming back to the same thing: families committing to a 10 to 20 million baht education investment without running the numbers all the way through. School fees in Thailand increase two to six percent every year, employer-covered packages have largely left the picture, and what looks manageable at age four looks very different at age 14. We talked about bilingual education, why it requires a longer commitment than most families plan for, and why the timing window is narrower than people realize. Technology came up too, both as a parenting challenge and as something specific to Thailand, where what's accessible on social media operates under different conditions than what parents from Australia or the UK are used to. The point that stayed with me was simpler: kids who have never heard no or had to push through something hard are not being set up for what's ahead, and it falls on parents to hold that line. If you are raising children in Bangkok, or about to relocate here with a family, these questions come around eventually. Better to have them early.


    ABOUT THE GUEST

    Donnah Ciempka served five years as Head of School at Ascot International School, a leading K-12 IB World School in Bangkok. She has spent over 17 years as an IB consultant and visiting team leader across Asia Pacific, and completed three years as President of the Australian-Thai Chamber of Commerce (AustCham Thailand). Few people working in Bangkok's education space have her combination of in-school leadership and regional consulting experience.

    https://www.linkedin.com/in/donnah-ciempka-4a4b31b3/


    ABOUT THE HOST

    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.

    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/


    CHAPTERS

    00:00 Introduction

    02:15 Leaving Ascot

    04:21 Expat Life With Kids

    08:38 Choosing Your School Path

    12:34 University Pathways Planning

    14:47 Real Cost of Education

    25:05 Bilingual Schools

    27:41 Culture and Community

    29:26 Language Proficiency Stakes

    31:11 Tech in Education

    35:57 Device Rules at Home

    38:18 Online Safety in Thailand

    40:45 Attention and Addiction

    44:08 Preparing for Change

    46:50 Thai Values to Learn

    48:19 Find Your Tribe

    49:54 Closing


    #InternationalSchoolsBangkok #BilingualEducation #ExpatsInThailand #RaisingKidsAbroad #BusinessInThailand


    52 min
  • The Tax Mistakes That Are Costing Expats in Thailand More Than They Know | Bobby Casey

    What started as a conversation about Thailand's shifting tax environment with Bobby Casey turned into a full operational teardown of the most expensive structural mistakes location-independent entrepreneurs make. We cover the collapse of Hong Kong and Singapore as go-to nomad jurisdictions, why a Wyoming LLC is the correct default structure for non-US founders doing business in Thailand (and why most Americans set it up in a way that destroys their own privacy), the HoldCo structure that saves a $300K earner roughly $25,000 a year in self-employment tax, the bonafide residency test that most Americans living abroad have never heard of, and why California has a specific tax trap that follows you across borders even if you haven't set foot in the state in five years. If you are building a business while living or traveling in Southeast Asia, this is the conversation I wish existed when I first arrived in Bangkok in 2012.

    This video was NOT sponsored.

    About the Guest:
    Bobby Casey is the founder of Business Anywhere, an online platform serving location-independent entrepreneurs who need company registration, registered agent services, virtual mailboxes, banking solutions, bookkeeping, and tax consulting all in one place. He has built one of the most recognized compliance and tax optimization platforms in the digital nomad space, with a client base spanning dozens of countries and a content library of over 2,000 specialist articles. His practice focuses almost exclusively on the tax and structural realities of operating across multiple jurisdictions, and he has personally guided clients through some of the most complex cross-border compliance situations in the industry.
    https://businessanywhere.io

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    Chapters:
    00:00 Introduction
    03:00 Thailand's Tax Crackdown
    06:14 Residency vs. Tax Residency
    08:06 Scott's Permanent Residency Story
    09:30 Stop Taking Advice From Facebook
    13:01 The Compliance Gray Scale
    14:44 Portugal, US LLCs and Tax Treaties
    17:03 Why Hong Kong and Singapore Are Dead
    22:05 The Seven-Figure Bank Account Trap
    24:02 Why a Wyoming LLC Wins
    26:19 When Simple Is Better
    27:48 The $300K American in Thailand
    31:49 The DIY LLC Privacy Mistake
    35:53 The HoldCo That Saves $25K a Year
    38:23 The German Nomad Simple Setup
    42:19 Why Paying Thai Tax Matters
    43:25 The California Tax Trap
    44:48 The Bona Fide Residency Test
    51:13 Final Mistakes and Oh Shit Moments
    57:37 How to Find Bobby Casey

    1 hr
  • High Performers Burn Out Faster. Thailand's Wim Hof Advanced Instructor Explains Why.

    High-level operators are burning out because they have lost the ability to switch off their nervous systems, and most of them do not even know it is happening. I wanted to understand the mechanics behind this, so I invited Stuart Wilson to break it down. Stuart left a high-stress financial career in Dubai, went through an ayahuasca reset in the Amazon, and eventually became Bangkok's leading certified breath work and cold exposure instructor.

    Our conversation goes far beyond wellness. We get into the real intersection of executive performance, lifestyle design, and entrepreneurship in Bangkok. Stuart walks through the neuroscience of chronic stress and why a holiday will not fix a default mode network that never shuts down. From there we move into the operational realities of building Breath Inspired from the ground up, including candid insights on navigating intellectual property theft in Thailand, why Stuart actively prefers hiring local Thai talent over foreign staff, and what it actually looks like to scale a cross-cultural business with a Thai co-founder.

    ABOUT THE GUEST

    Stuart Wilson is the co-founder of Breath Inspired, an Advanced Wim Hof Method Instructor, and the only Oxygen Advantage Master Instructor in Asia. After experiencing burnout in Dubai's financial sector, he relocated to Bangkok to build the region's premier science-backed breath work and cold exposure community alongside his wife and co-founder, Kam.

    https://www.breathinspired.com/

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    CHAPTERS

    00:00 - The Ice Bath Illusion
    05:01 - Burnout in Dubai
    09:36 - The Wim Hof Discovery
    13:20 - Default Mode Network
    23:20 - Building Breath Inspired
    35:12 - Copycats and True Fans
    48:13 - IP Theft in Thailand
    59:39 - Running a Cross-Cultural Business
    1:13:55 - Visas and Company Setup
    1:23:04 - The Hiring Mistake Expats Make

    #ExecutiveBurnout #DoingBusinessInThailand #WimHofMethod #BangkokBusiness #FractionalDirector

    1 hr 31 min
  • Scaling Operations in Thailand: The Systems The Biggest Brands Use | Chokdee Wisansing

    As foreign founders and corporate operators, we often assume that our successful global playbooks will seamlessly translate to the Thai market. The reality is that scaling operations here requires a deep, structural localization of our systems, our products, and our leadership style.

    In this episode, I sit down with Khun Chokdee Wisansing, former Chief Operating Officer and Chief People Officer for major conglomerates like KFC, AWC, and Central Group. We discuss the mechanics of bridging generational gaps, adapting global systems, and building high-trust, lean teams in Thailand.

    Core executive takeaways:
    • The global to local playbook: Why international giants like KFC succeed in Thailand by rigidly maintaining their world-class systems while completely adapting their product to the local palate and consumer behavior.
    • The 3 S framework of scaling: How to architect your strategy, system, and structure so that no single employee is bigger than the organization.
    • The talent retention trap: A Chief People Officer perspective on why job hopping for incremental salary bumps destroys long term executive influence, and how to successfully integrate new tech skills with senior leadership wisdom.
    • Demystifying Thai time: How to establish a high performance culture of punctuality, accountability, and mutual respect without aggressively clashing with local operational norms.

    Timestamps:
    00:00 Introduction
    03:49 Climbing the Ladder
    05:34 Why Job Hopping Fails
    08:01 Long Game Networking
    09:51 Systems People Mindset
    10:59 Strategy System Structure
    14:00 Clear Roles No Gray Areas
    17:43 Winning in Thailand
    17:57 Localizing Global Brands
    22:33 Thai Time and Respect
    27:19 Bridging Generations
    32:17 Respect And Learning
    33:18 Mentorship Through Coaching
    34:33 Stability In Uncertainty
    36:11 Lean Team Strategy
    39:20 Small Business Confidence
    43:01 Delivering And Trust
    44:06 Why Candy Crush
    47:34 Lead By Example
    49:34 Degrees Versus Skills
    53:11 Control Your Future
    55:57 Reach Out For Help
    58:03 Conclusion

    ABOUT THE HOST

    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.

    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/


    Guest contact details:
    Khun Chokdee Wisansing
    Website: http://www.candycrushthailand.com
    LinkedIn: Search "Chokdee Wisansing"

    1 hr
  • The Visa & Work Permit Truth for Founders in Thailand with Benjamin Hart

    As foreign founders and corporate operators, we often underestimate the administrative friction of entering and scaling a team in the Thai market. The reality is that a competitive salary is just the baseline. The true cost of talent is hidden in the compliance.

    In this episode of Made it in Thailand, I sit down with Benjamin Hart, Managing Director at Integrity Legal, to discuss the operational realities of corporate structuring, foreign talent acquisition, and long-term residency in Thailand. We move past the surface-level advice and look at the actual mechanics of building a sustainable, compliant business in Thailand.

    Core Executive Takeaways:
    • The Hidden Sunk Costs of Talent: Why work permits, mandatory Thai staff ratios, and early burnout drastically shrink our operational runway.
    • The US Treaty of Amity Advantage: How American founders can leverage this agreement to secure 100% corporate ownership and bypass standard BOI oversight.
    • The DTV & LTR Corporate Trap: Why these highly publicized new visas carry hidden long-term compliance and residency risks for our executive teams.
    • The Thinking Backwards Framework: How to structure your local entities today to effortlessly survive the regulatory audits and PR applications of tomorrow.

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    Timestamps:
    00:00 Introduction
    03:20 PR & Citizenship
    08:03 DTV & LTR Visa Risks
    15:58 Working From vs. In Thailand
    34:16 Currency Flows & Strategy
    44:52 US Treaty of Amity
    49:13 BOI vs. US Treaty of Amity
    51:19 Market Outlook
    55:09 The Suez Canal Shift
    59:43 Market Entry Advice
    01:02:49 Hidden Sunk Costs
    01:07:27 Conclusion

    Guest Contact Details:
    Benjamin Hart, Integrity Legal
    [email protected]
    Thailand: +66 2-266-3698 
    USA Toll Free 1-877-231-7533
    http://www.integrity-legal.com/
    www.youtube.com/@UCO6aDpt9xRwgueZvwIsBpWg

    1 hr 9 min
  • From PhD to 150k Followers: Scaling a Digital Education Business in Thailand

    Most business owners underestimate the operational complexity of scaling a digital brand. This interview with Thai entrepreneur Wasinee "New" Phonsri, founder of Thai Lessons by New, breaks down exactly how she grew her following to 150K and built an education platform with multiple revenue streams. She transitioned from a solo creator to a highly leveraged, lean business.

    Key Business Takeaways:
    • Scaling a Creator-Led Brand: Despite managing 150K followers across YouTube, Facebook, and TikTok, New remains the sole content creator. She breaks down her Eisenhower Matrix time-blocking system, content batching strategy, and how she leverages AI and a lean team (a business partner and PR support) to increase output without bloating payroll.
    • The Partnership Inflection Point: After operating entirely alone for two years, New realized she was the bottleneck. Hear the decision framework she used to evaluate bringing on a business partner, and how this team expansion filled specific operational gaps (cold ads, evergreen funnels, payment infrastructure) so she could focus purely on product and content.
    • Revenue Architecture & Passive Income Design: How New structured her business across four distinct revenue streams to create predictable monthly recurring revenue while maintaining ultimate operational flexibility.
    • Decoding Thai Talent (The Education System): As a Thai native who spent 12 years in Australia, New provides critical context for foreign executives managing Thai teams. She explains how local education impacts workplace communication, decision-making autonomy, and why Western-style management often requires cultural adjustments.
    • Market Positioning & Customer Segmentation: New's customer base skews heavily toward early-retired executives and former CEOs. Learn how she uses their feedback to iterate on scalable course offerings.

    Why This Matters for Foreign Executives in Thailand:
    If you are building or managing a team in Thailand, understanding cultural differences is critical. New's unique background (Thai academic foundation + over a decade in Western work cultures) gives her the perfect vantage point to explain how Thai professionals learn, adapt, and work. Furthermore, her transition from a solo hustle to a structured, lean operation is a masterclass for any founder looking to prioritize systems and leverage over raw headcount.

    Timestamps:
    00:00 - Introduction
    01:55 - YouTube vs Facebook
    02:25 - The Secret PhD
    04:40 - Why YouTube & Passive Income
    06:11 - Overcoming Camera Fear
    09:00 - Using Comments to Improve
    10:11 - Thai Education System
    14:56 - Learning Independence Early
    18:36 - Advice for Learning Thai
    21:41 - AI in Language Learning
    24:06 - Staying Adaptable with AI
    25:20 - Building a Scalable Business
    26:06 - Designing for Freedom
    28:00 - Why Keep 1-on-1 Lessons
    29:59 - Launching Patreon
    31:29 - Free Content Mission
    32:28 - Finding a Business Partner & Expanding the Team
    33:56 - Thinking Like a Company
    37:05 - Value-First Business
    41:59 - Time Management & Balance
    46:11 - Where to Find New

    About the Guest:
    New holds a PhD in Chemistry and spent a decade in academic research before pivoting to digital education. She now runs Thai Lessons by New, an education business with nearly 150,000 followers. Her lean, creator-led business model combines free decentralized educational content with premium offerings, generating revenue through Patreon, self-paced courses, and 1-on-1 tutoring.

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    #ThailandBusiness #CreatorEconomy #SEAsia #StartupThailand #BusinessScaling #MadeItInThailand

    48 min
  • Selling Trust in a Low Trust Market: How Butler Garage Beats the "Cheapest" Shops

    In this episode of Made It In Thailand, we sit down with a young founder who built a premium service business in Thailand during COVID. He shares what it really takes to build trust, deliver accountability, and grow a business in the Thai market as an entrepreneur.

    Kei Sekiguchi, founder of Butler Garage, explains how he went from struggling to pay staff to running one of Thailand’s most trusted service businesses. We talk about customer service, leadership, hiring, and the realities of doing business in Thailand as a young business owner.

    In this conversation, we cover:
     – Building a business in Thailand as a foreigner
     – Why accountability matters more than price
     – Customer service mistakes most businesses make
     – Hiring and managing staff in Thailand
     – Founder mindset during hard years of growth

    This podcast is for entrepreneurs, founders, and professionals interested in business, startups, and careers in Thailand.

    Subscribe for founder stories and real business conversations from Thailand.

    Guest Details:
    Kei Sekiguchi, Butler Garage
    https://www.butlergarage.com/
    https://www.instagram.com/butler.garage
    https://www.facebook.com/ButlerGarage/
    https://www.tiktok.com/@butlergarage

    ABOUT THE HOST
    Hosted by Scott Pressimone. Scott helps teams through change, from the inside. He has lived and worked in Bangkok since 2012 and is the founder of Fractiond.
    More about Scott: https://scottpressimone.com/about/

    57 min

About Made it in Thailand

From the publisher's feed

Interviews with entrepreneurs and business leaders who’ve “made it” in Thailand. Real stories of ambition, setbacks, and strategic wins on the path to success. Built for founders and operators who want to win in Thailand.