Most common causes inlcude gastro-intestinal atresias, and conditions such as meconium ileum. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions

Physiological jaundice occurs in first week of life and is very common

Pathological jaundice presents on day 1 of life, is prolonged (lasts after 14 days of life). Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions · Neonatal Surgical Jaundice notes.pdf — PDF (57.5 KB)

Dysphagia describes the difficulty in swallowing liquids and/or solids from the mouth to the stomach. It is usually called a symptom of an underlying pathology.

Dysphagia may be progressive in nature, meaning the difficulty in swallowing is initially only for solids and progressively becomes worse ending with an inability to swallow liquids and saliva. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions · An approach to dysphagia.pdf — PDF (55.0 KB)

Reflux of gastric juices from stomach into esophagus occasional occurs in normal human beings. When this reflux increases in frequency and volume causing troublesome symptoms and/or damage to esophageal mucosa it is then regarded as pathological and called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions · Gastroesophageal reflux disease overview.pdf — PDF (88.6 KB)

Chronic venous hypertension caused by reflux, obstruction or calf muscle pump failure commonly results in a spectrum of clinical manifestations and is major cause of morbidity and increased health care costs. Clinical signs range from small, superficial telangiectasia through to large chronic debilitating venous ulcers. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions

Diseases of the carotid artery may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. When symptomatic, patients may present with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions

Basal and squamous skin cancers are the most common skin cancers that are not melanomas. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions

Chronic pancreatitis is an irreversible fibro-inflammatory disease of the pancreas which commonly presents with abdominal pain, exocrine and or endocrine dysfunction. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions

Obstructive jaundice occurs as a result of a bile duct blockage resulting in bile not being able to flow from the liver into the duodenum.

Following an adequate history and clinical examination a patient should have an abdominal ultrasound and biochemical tests. Following this a differential diagnosis can be developed and further management planned. Stanleur Capital: Medical practice and personal financial solutions