Small scale mutations (point: TTM; frame-shift: ID) and Large-scale mutations (translocation, inversion).

Point, Frame Shift, and Nonsense vs. Missense. Further divided Missense to Silent, Conservative, and Non-Conservative.

Clarifies that mutations arise at the DNA level, and from where mutations originate.

Discusses categories of tumor suppressors and then 2 examples: pRb and p53, both proteins.

Discusses the 3 mechanisms through which oncogenes are formed from proto-oncogenes, and types of oncogenes with examples.

I discuss ncRNAs (RNA that’s ready to perform tasks w/o becoming protein) and then move onto rRNA, tRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA. Have fun with all these acronyms lol

Not really an important module but skip to 6:18 for new stuff (RNA Editing via the ADAR and CDAR Enzymes)

Discusses GTFs, then discusses activators/repressors and enhancers/silencers. Finally distinguishes between regulation of transcriptional euk and prok organisms.

Discusses HAT and HDAC enzymes to uncoil/coil DNA (uncoil = activate for transcription) then transitioned into DNA methylation as it relates to CpG Islands and MBB’s.

More terminology of the Lac Operon mechanism, refined ideas from the first part.