April 21, 2025

Medical conditions associated with smooth muscles, providing their definitions, symptomatology, and etymology associated with each pathology

40 minutes

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1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): GERD is a condition in which stomach acid or other contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, causing pain and discomfort. Symptoms include heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and a sour taste in the mouth. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek words “gastro” (stomach) and “esophagus” (throat).

2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): IBS is a disorder of the large intestine that causes abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Symptoms may include cramping, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “irritabilis” (irritable) and “colon” (large intestine).

3. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis is a condition in which small bulging pouches, called diverticula, form in the wall of the large intestine. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, cramps, diarrhea, constipation, and fever. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “diverticulum” (pouch) and “itis” (inflammation).

The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “divertikulos” (small pouch) and “itis” (inflammation).

4. Uterine Fibroids: Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “uterus” (womb) and “fibra” (fibrous tissue).

5. Abdominal Migraines: Abdominal migraines are recurrent episodes of abdominal pain that may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The etymology of the term is derived from the Latin words “abdomen” (stomach) and “migraine” (severe headache).

6. Gastroparesis: Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach muscles are weak and food empties slowly from the stomach. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, bloating, and abdominal pain. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek words “gastro” (stomach) and “paresis” (weakness).

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I. Pyelitis: Pyelitis is a medical condition in which the pyelum (the area around the kidney) is inflamed. Symptoms include lower back pain, fever, and pain or discomfort when urinating. The cause is usually bacterial or viral. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “pyel” (kidney) and “itis” (inflammation).

II. Esophageal Spasm: Esophageal spasm occurs when normal muscle contractions in the esophagus become either too strong or too weak. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn. It is typically caused by underlying health conditions such as GERD, scleroderma, or diabetes. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “esophagos” (throat) and “spasm” (muscle contraction).

III. Gastritis: Gastritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining. Symptoms may include stomach pains, nausea, vomiting, and/or loss of appetite. It is typically caused by bacterial infections, prolonged use of certain medications, or chronic alcohol use. The etymology of the term is derived from the Greek root “gaster” (stomach) and “itis” (inflammation).

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