Winter can be a tough time for cows, depending on their condition and fluctuating temperatures.

Cows in good condition with thick winter coats generally hold their own  in temperatures down to 32 degrees Fahrenheit. But for thin cows or those with wet haircoats, temperatures between 40 and 60 degrees can cause trouble.

For each degree below those temperatures, a cow’s energy needs increase by about 1%. So, if temperatures drop below 0 degrees, cows need at least a 30% increase in maintenance calories.

Producers can help by always having fresh hay available, supplementing with concentrated feed and ensuring easy access to unfrozen water. Sheltering animals from wind and precipitation decreases cold stress too.