After spending 30 years at CMS, launching her own consulting company, and becoming the Director of Innovation at Mettle Solutions, Melanie Combs-Dyer is an expert in the communication streams between clinicians, healthcare payors, and patients. We spoke with her about the burden of provider credentialing, tension points within the payor/provider relationship, and how FHIR can change the face of healthcare interoperability in the coming years.