3.19 Campylobacter Jejuni

Microbiology review for the USMLE Step 1 exam

• Campylobacter jejuni is a gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria that causes diarrheal illness
• It is the most common cause of bacterial diarrhea in the US
• It can be distinguished from other gram-negative, comma-shaped bacteria by its desired culture temperature of 42C/107F
• It is mostly acquired through consumption of raw milk, undercooked poultry, and contaminated water
• 90% of cases in the US occur during the summer months, likely due to increased grilling of poultry
• Symptoms include high fever, rigors, dizziness, body aches, diarrhea (more than 10 stools a day), abdominal cramping, and nausea
• Complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and reactive arthritis
• Diagnosis is typically made through a stool culture
• Treatment typically includes supportive care and replenishing fluids and electrolytes, with antibiotics (macrolides) used for more severe cases.