This episode looks into topic A2.3, viruses, which is an HL topic. We discuss the features and structures in viruses and take a look at the different approaches of infections. I also discuss a couple of examples in the syllabus guide to understand virus diversity and evolution. 

In this episode we take a look at topic A2.2, cell structure. We discuss the structures and organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as the microscopy techniques and the endosymbiosis theory. 

In this episode we dive into topic A2.1, origins of cells. This is an HL topic that looks into the conditions of prebiotic Earth that led to the formation of organic carbon compounds and eventually gave life to the first true cells. We look into the existence of LUCA and evidence for the evolution of cells to understand how cells formed and evolved.

This episode looks into topic D1.3, mutation and gene editing. We take a look at causes and consequences of genetic mutation and discuss the impact that mutations may have on organisms and evolution. The HL content also takes a look at gene editing techniques including gene knockout and CRISPR-Cas9. 

In this episode we look into topic D1.2, protein synthesis. We look into transcription and translation as essential processes in cells and key steps in the synthesis of polypeptides.  

This episode takes a quick look into topic D1.1 which is DNA Replication. We discuss the most important enzymes needed for the process as well as the applications of different laboratory techniques relating to DNA replication. 

In this episode we dive into topic C1.3, photosynthesis, in order to understand the conversion of light energy into chemical energy within organisms. We take a look at the points in the syllabus guide to understand the process of photosynthesis and its importance for organisms. 

This episode looks into topic C1.2, cell respiration. A larger portion of this topic is HL and looks into the reactions that occur during both aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration to understand the production of ATP in living organisms. 

In this episode we take a look at topic C1.1, namely enzyme and metabolism. This episode contains several key points for other topics in the syllabus and includes some examples that must be known. The points in the guide are expanded on to understand the mechanism of action of different enzymes and inhibitors that regulate metabolic reactions. 

In this episode we take a look at topic B1.2 which discusses proteins. The points and examples in the syllabus guide are looked at and explained in order to give an insight into protein structure and function. A short part of this topic is SL, but even the HL content can be helpful to answer Paper 2 essay-style questions in the exams.