This transcript recounts the **repeated attempts by the Mongol Yuan dynasty, led by Kublai Khan, to conquer the kingdom of Đại Việt (Vietnam) in the late 13th century**. It highlights the **Vietnamese's defiant attitude towards Mongol authority**, their strategic resistance, and the **significant defeats inflicted on the seemingly unstoppable Mongol forces** despite the vast resources and military might of the Yuan Empire. The narrative details the **preparations and execution of several Mongol invasion attempts**, the **Vietnamese counter-strategies and leadership under the Trần dynasty**, and the **underlying factors contributing to the Mongols' ultimate failure** in this Southeast Asian campaign. The excerpt also touches upon the **resilience and resourcefulness of the Vietnamese people** in the face of repeated aggression and their efforts to rebuild after each Mongol incursion.