MOZ completes his Filipino Folklore two-parter with this deep-dive into the horrifying, self-segmenting Mananggal.
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL, p117
The Mayor is a Manananggal:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, TX, p54-55
A Study in Native American Folk-Lore and History (1894), Brinton, Daniel G.. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 33, No. 144 (Jan., 1894), pp. 11-73 https://www.jstor.org/stable/983361
Manunggul Jar - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manunggul_Jar
Friar Juan de Plasencia: the Manananggal of the Tagalogs (1589):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manananggal
Rangda, the Demon Queen of Leya:
4 Legends and Mythologies of Southeast Asia That Will Fascinate You (traveloka.com)
https://www.traveloka.com/en-sg/explore/destination/4-legends-and-mythologies-of-southeast-asia-that-will-fascinate-you/48121
8 Mythological Monsters | Britannica
https://www.britannica.com/list/8-mythological-monsters-you-should-be-glad-arent-real
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL, p xviii
Bane, T. (2016). Encyclopedia of beasts and monsters in myth, legend and folklore. Mcfarland & Co, p615-616
Nadeau, K. (Nov 2020). Dancing around the Cauldron with Rangda, the Balinese widow-witch: Exploring gender relations and attitudes toward women and children in Southeast Asia. Department of Anthropology, California State University, p
Davil, L. (2023). Mexican Sorcery: A Practical Guide to Brujeria de Rancho,
Red Wheel/Weiser, p48 & 49
https://lyricstranslate.com/en/la-bruja-witch.html-0
Mexican Folk - La Bruja lyrics + English translation (lyricstranslate.com)
https://lyricstranslate.com/en/la-bruja-witch.html-0
Tagalog/Manananggal story:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL, p46-47
Witches in Mexico | Espooky Tales
https://www.espookytales.com/blog/witches-in-mexico/
Aswang tongue scissor story:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL, p42
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, TX, p Full story 48-49
2 girls who saw ‘manananggal’ in Talisay to undergo stress debriefing - SUNSTAR
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1953085/cebu/local-news/2-girls-who-saw-manananggal-in-talisay-to-undergo-stress-debriefing
Best Defense primarily from our two primary references:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL
Neumann, E.(1974). The origins and history of consciousness (3rd Ed.). Bolling Series-Princton University Press, p13 & 54
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, TX, p17
Types of Filipino Sorcery:
Cebuano sorcery: Malign magic in the Philippines Richard Lieban, 1967
https://archive.org/details/cebuanosorceryma0000lieb
Philippine Shamanism Overview:
The Many Names of Philippine Shamans & Healers • THE ASWANG PROJECThttps://www.aswangproject.com/philippine-shamans/
Shamanic Themes in Philippine Folklore:
Cole, M.C. (1916). Philippine folk tales. A. C. McClurg & Co. Chicago, Ill, p
Woman at Funeral is Bewitched Tale:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, TX, p147
European v Southeast Asian Witchcraft:
Nadeau, K. (Nov 2020). Dancing around the Cauldron with Rangda, the Balinese widow-witch: Exploring gender relations and attitudes toward women and children in Southeast Asia. Department of Anthropology, California State University
The Monster & the Shamanic Medium:
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The aswang complex in Philippine folklore. Phoenix Publishing House, Quezon City, PHL, p1x (forward by Juan R Francisco)
The Aswang Phenomenon - Full Documentary (youtube.com)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ePhqoyLpXQ
Manananggal Origin Theory:
Monstrum | Manananggal: A Flying, Disembodied, Blood Sucking Nightmare | Season 1 | Episode 19 | PBS
https://www.pbs.org/video/manananggal-a-flying-disembodied-blood-sucking-nightmare-rjwx5i/
Ramos, M.D. (1990). The creatures of Philippine lower mythology. Phoenix Publishing House, TX, p199
The Manananggal & Sexuality:
Performing the Body in Filipino Narratives: The Manananggal (Viscera Sucker) in Colonial Literature | Hope S . Yu - Academia.edu
https://www.academia.edu/84445741/Performing_the_Body_in_Filipino_Narratives_The_Manananggal_Viscera_Sucker_in_Colonial_Literature