ICEB General Assemblies and Mid-Terms

Moving Toward Greater Accuracy: improvements and challenges in electronic print-to-braille and braille-to-print translation since the implementation of Unified English Braille


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Electronically-generated braille is a foundational tool for literacy for blind people in our digital age. Unified English Braille (UEB), with its clearly defined rules and symbol structures, provides, on its own or in combination with other specialized braille codes, a means to render both accurate braille representation of any non-image-based content that originated in print, and accurate translation from braille to print of material electronically typed in braille.

In the years since Unified English Braille became the official standard braille code in ICEB member countries (four years ago for the United States, and much longer ago for others), some strides have been made in improving the accuracy of electronic print-to-braille and braille-to-print translation. However, some significant difficulties remain, placing unnecessary limits on the reliability of braille as a means for communication and collaboration.

This paper will explore the progress in improving accuracy of electronic braille since 2016 (including external, related technological developments); the details and impacts of some of the persistent but demonstrably correctable problems with electronic translation; and suggestions for bringing about improvements.

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ICEB General Assemblies and Mid-TermsBy International Council on English Braille

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