Explore the classic symptoms, exam findings, and risk factors behind cataracts and the two major forms of glaucoma, including the urgent signs of acute angle-closure. The episode also covers macular degeneration and other vision-threatening retinal problems, with practical clues for recognizing them early.

This episode covers the essential primary care eye exam, including visual acuity, age-based screening, and the urgent red flags that require immediate ophthalmology referral. It also breaks down common lid and red-eye conditions like styes, chalazia, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis, with practical treatment tips and key pitfalls to avoid.