为什么看起来非常没有控制欲的人却可能背地里有非常强的秩序感，尤其害怕失控？为什么有些人会长期沉迷于痛苦的状态，不愿意、也没有能力真正做出改变？为什么我们会抑郁？为什么我们内心充满了恐惧，只能被动的做出反应？为什么有些人总是做出短期内有利于自己，而长期来看更糟糕的选择？敏感的人就一定是共情能力强的人吗？

上一期更多的着重于自己和自己的关系如何影响着我们，而这一期，我们会更多的聊聊客体关系如何塑造我们的认知系统和人格特质。

时间线：

开头 – 0:17

控制欲与失控感 - 1:10

痛苦与安全感，精神分析视角下的受虐倾向 – 10:16

抑郁和责任 – 23:44

自恋让人在恐惧什么 – 27:19

客体关系的重要性 – 34:15

决策 – 39:25

共情能力的缺失 – 42:51

结尾 – 47:45

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

参考文献（部分）：

Dimaggio, G. et al. (2002) ‘Metacognition, states of mind, cognitive biases, and interpersonal cycles: Proposal for an integrated narcissism model.’, Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12(4), pp. 421–451. doi:10.1037//1053-0479.12.4.421.

D’Agostino, A. et al. (2020) ‘The feeling of emptiness: A review of a complex subjective experience’, Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), pp. 287–295. doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000269.

Given-Wilson, Z., McIlwain, D. and Warburton, W. (2011) ‘Meta-cognitive and interpersonal difficulties in overt and covert narcissism’, Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), pp. 1000–1005. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.014.

Harmon-Jones, E. and Mills, J. (2019) ‘An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory.’,Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in psychology(2nd ed.)., pp. 3–24. doi:10.1037/0000135-001.

Huprich, S.K. and Nelson, S.M. (2014) ‘Malignant self-regard: Accounting for commonalities in vulnerably narcissistic, depressive, self-defeating, and masochistic personality disorders’, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(4), pp. 989–998. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.017.

Kealy, D. and Ogrodniczuk, J.S. (2014) ‘Pathological narcissism and the obstruction of Love’, Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 42(1), pp. 101–119. doi:10.1521/pdps.2014.42.1.101.

Levy, S.T. (1984) ‘Psychoanalytic perspectives on emptiness’, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 32(2), pp. 387–404. doi:10.1177/000306518403200207.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J.A. and Risko, E.F. (2024) ‘The metacognitive abilities of narcissists: Individual differences between grandiose and vulnerable subtypes’,Personality and Individual Differences, 221, p. 112570. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112570.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J. and Risko, E.F. (2019) ‘Overconfidently underthinking: Narcissism negatively predicts cognitive reflection’, Thinking & Reasoning, 26(3), pp. 352–380. doi:10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404.

Mao, Y. et al. (2016) ‘Reduced frontal cortex thickness and cortical volume associated with pathological narcissism’, Neuroscience, 328, pp. 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.025.

Morrison, A.P. (1983) ‘Shame, Ideal Self, and narcissism’, Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 19(2), pp. 295–318. doi:10.1080/00107530.1983.10746610.

Määttä, M. and Uusiautti, S. (2018) ‘“my life felt like a cage without an exit” – narratives of childhood under the abuse of a narcissistic mother’, Early Child Development and Care, 190(7), pp. 1065–1079. doi:10.1080/03004430.2018.1513924.

Ronningstam, E. and Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (2013) ‘Fear and decision-making in narcissistic personality disorder—a link between psychoanalysis and Neuroscience’, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(2), pp. 191–201. doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.2/eronningstam.

Sewaid, A., Silaghi, F. and García-Cestona , M. (2024) Learning from failure: Do narcissists learn?- small business economics, SpringerLink. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-024-00891-6 (Accessed: 16 September 2024).

‘Supplemental material for the intricate role of dissociation in the relations between childhood maltreatment, self-objectification, and narcissism’ (2019) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy [Preprint]. doi:10.1037/tra0000452.supp.

Watts, A.L. et al. (2013) ‘The double-edged sword of grandiose narcissism’,Psychological Science, 24(12), pp. 2379–2389. doi:10.1177/0956797613491970.

Zamostny, K.P., Slyter, S.L. and Rios, P. (1993) ‘Narcissistic injury and its relationship to early trauma, early resources, and adjustment to college.’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(4), pp. 501–510. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.40.4.501.

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC

每个人都拥有着不同的人格特质，但我们对于这些特质，它从何而来、以及它们将如何影响人生抉择似乎知之甚少。为什么我们会敏感内耗？为什么有些人职业发展更顺利，而有些人会受挫？为什么我们难以理解自己和他人？为什么我们难以找到兴趣和激情？为什么我们感到空虚？为什么我们难以和他人建立深入的关系？为什么我们难以改善这些让我们感到不舒服的状态？

我们还会通过42位美国总统的政治表现，来具象化的解释这些人格特质将会给我们带来的影响，为什么有些总统会被认为富有人格魅力、更擅长于说服公众？为什么有些总统更容易陷入弹劾？为什么有些总统能赢下多数票，而有总统些虽然一样拥有难以估量的权力，却仍然不被认为是历史上举足轻重的人物？这些差异将会帮助我们更好的理解我们自己，更好的发掘自己的潜能。

这期播客我想用自恋作为理论框架，和大家一同探索我们自己和自己的关系。

时间线：

开头 - 0:17

什么是自恋 - 4:45

自恋的成因 - 11:33

认知失调 (Cognitive Dissonance) - 15:16

自恋的美国总统与其政治表现 - 19:26

成长环境导致个体的元认知缺陷(meta-cognitive deficits）- 25:57

身份认同障碍（Identity impairment）与自恋受损(Narcissistic injury) - 30:39

自体客体(self-object) - 37:11

真假自体 - 45:54

情绪黑洞与空虚 - 50:49

成长环境的诅咒 - 54:37

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

参考文献（部分）：

Dimaggio, G. et al. (2002) ‘Metacognition, states of mind, cognitive biases, and interpersonal cycles: Proposal for an integrated narcissism model.’, Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12(4), pp. 421–451. doi:10.1037//1053-0479.12.4.421.

D’Agostino, A. et al. (2020) ‘The feeling of emptiness: A review of a complex subjective experience’, Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), pp. 287–295. doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000269.

Given-Wilson, Z., McIlwain, D. and Warburton, W. (2011) ‘Meta-cognitive and interpersonal difficulties in overt and covert narcissism’, Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), pp. 1000–1005. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.014.

Harmon-Jones, E. and Mills, J. (2019) ‘An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory.’,Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in psychology(2nd ed.)., pp. 3–24. doi:10.1037/0000135-001.

Huprich, S.K. and Nelson, S.M. (2014) ‘Malignant self-regard: Accounting for commonalities in vulnerably narcissistic, depressive, self-defeating, and masochistic personality disorders’, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(4), pp. 989–998. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.017.

Kealy, D. and Ogrodniczuk, J.S. (2014) ‘Pathological narcissism and the obstruction of Love’, Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 42(1), pp. 101–119. doi:10.1521/pdps.2014.42.1.101.

Levy, S.T. (1984) ‘Psychoanalytic perspectives on emptiness’, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 32(2), pp. 387–404. doi:10.1177/000306518403200207.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J.A. and Risko, E.F. (2024) ‘The metacognitive abilities of narcissists: Individual differences between grandiose and vulnerable subtypes’,Personality and Individual Differences, 221, p. 112570. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112570.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J. and Risko, E.F. (2019) ‘Overconfidently underthinking: Narcissism negatively predicts cognitive reflection’, Thinking & Reasoning, 26(3), pp. 352–380. doi:10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404.

Mao, Y. et al. (2016) ‘Reduced frontal cortex thickness and cortical volume associated with pathological narcissism’, Neuroscience, 328, pp. 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.025.

Morrison, A.P. (1983) ‘Shame, Ideal Self, and narcissism’, Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 19(2), pp. 295–318. doi:10.1080/00107530.1983.10746610.

Määttä, M. and Uusiautti, S. (2018) ‘“my life felt like a cage without an exit” – narratives of childhood under the abuse of a narcissistic mother’, Early Child Development and Care, 190(7), pp. 1065–1079. doi:10.1080/03004430.2018.1513924.

Ronningstam, E. and Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (2013) ‘Fear and decision-making in narcissistic personality disorder—a link between psychoanalysis and Neuroscience’, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(2), pp. 191–201. doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.2/eronningstam.

Sewaid, A., Silaghi, F. and García-Cestona , M. (2024) Learning from failure: Do narcissists learn?- small business economics, SpringerLink. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-024-00891-6 (Accessed: 16 September 2024).

‘Supplemental material for the intricate role of dissociation in the relations between childhood maltreatment, self-objectification, and narcissism’ (2019) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy [Preprint]. doi:10.1037/tra0000452.supp.

Watts, A.L. et al. (2013) ‘The double-edged sword of grandiose narcissism’,Psychological Science, 24(12), pp. 2379–2389. doi:10.1177/0956797613491970.

Zamostny, K.P., Slyter, S.L. and Rios, P. (1993) ‘Narcissistic injury and its relationship to early trauma, early resources, and adjustment to college.’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(4), pp. 501–510. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.40.4.501.

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC

智性恋（Sapiosexuality）这个词起源于早期互联网，用来形容那些更容易被聪明的人吸引的人。尽管距离这个词的提出已经超超过了25年，相关的研究还是很少。本期播客，借着仅有的一篇研究智性恋群体的论文。我们想要和大家聊一聊，智性恋恋的到底是什么？如何定义一个人是否为智性恋？为什么一个人会被感知到是更聪明的？智性恋的性别分布如何？智商多高会被认为是最具有吸引力的？

时间线：

开头 – 0:16

我们该如何理解智力？流动智力（Fluid Intelligence）和固定智力（Crystallized Intelligence）如何影响我们对他人的感知和评价 – 1:53

智性恋恋的到底是什么 – 5:54

一个人是否聪明如何影响他人在择偶中的选择 – 7:50

如何去测量一个人智性恋的程度, 智性恋的性别差异 – 13:35

高智商的人更看重伴侣的智商 – 16:38

结尾 – 18:16

SapioQ (智性恋问卷)：

1）一个外貌出众但是仅有平均智商的人会让我丧失兴趣

2）当一个人在对话中展现出自身对于问题富有洞察力的时候，会让我感受到性吸引力

3）我倾向于选择一个只有平均智商的人作为伴侣

4）非常高的智商本身就足够让我感受到那个人的性吸引力

5）无效问题

6）我会被那些智商高于我的人吸引

7）我可能会被那些智商显著低于我的人吸引

8）同潜在伴侣进行一场深刻的对话，会让我感觉到兴奋

9）非常高的智商是一个人对我产生性吸引力的重要条件

算分规则：请读完每个问题后选择下列描述中最符合自己心态的选项：非常不同意 （记1分），不同意 （记2分），中立 （记3分），同意（记4分），非常同意（记5分）。其中第3题和第7题要反过来算分，例如：当第3题选择非常不同意时，应该记5分，非常同意应该记为1分，两者分数应该调转，其他选项同理。

记下每题的得分，最后相加除以8就是最终的分数。欢迎大家在评论区分享自己的分数。

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

本期的论文：

Gignac, G.E., Darbyshire, J. and Ooi, M. (2018) ‘Some people are attracted sexually to intelligence: A psychometric evaluation of Sapiosexuality’,Intelligence, 66, pp. 98–111. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2017.11.009.

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC

在最后一期的依恋理论系列播客中，我们先要聊一聊非安全型依恋成长过程中经历的创伤所导致的自恋与偏执。同常识中的对于自恋与偏执的负面理解不同，心理学界普遍将偏执与自恋的形成看作是一个人没能在成长过程获得来自与父母足够的关爱与支持。这一期播客同时也从文化层面上聊了聊为什么中国社会中的人普遍缺乏安全感。最后，我们也尝试给出了一些增加自己安全感的一些小方法和建议。

时间线：

开头 - 0:18

自恋作为一种非安全型依恋的普遍性创伤 - 0:45

惩罚性的环境如何导致偏执 - 9:50

不同依恋类型面对冲突和压力的反应机制 - 19:08

我们如何感知他人的不满和攻击性 - 23:48

依恋理论在中国社会环境下的适用性以及特殊性 - 29:24

创伤造就的行为模式与固执的我们 - 35:50

被看见，自我同情与对于他人的同情 - 40:05

如何降低不安全感 - 44:36

结尾 - 53:17

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

参考文献:

彼得沃克 (2023) 不原谅也没关系. 北京: 北京科学技术出版社. 

Bennett, C.S. (2005) ‘Attachment theory and research applied to the conceptualization and treatment of pathological narcissism’, Clinical Social Work Journal, 34(1), pp. 45–60. doi:10.1007/s10615-005-0001-9. 

Burnette, J.L. et al. (2009) ‘Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination, empathy, and forgiveness’, Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), pp. 276–280. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.016. 

Cramer, P. (2019) ‘Narcissism and attachment’, Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 207(2), pp. 69–75. doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000919. 

Crittenden, P.M. (1992) ‘Treatment of anxious attachment in infancy and early childhood’, Development and Psychopathology, 4(4), pp. 575–602. doi:10.1017/s0954579400004880. 

Fantini-Hauwel, C., Boudoukha, A.H. and Arciszewski, T. (2012) ‘Adult attachment and emotional awareness impairment: A multimethod assessment’, Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology, 2(1), p. 10744. doi:10.3402/snp.v2i0.10744. 

Henttonen, P. et al. (2022) ‘Grandiosity, vulnerability, and narcissistic fluctuation: Examining reliability, measurement invariance, and construct validity of four brief narcissism measures’, Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.993663. 

Ináncsi, T., Láng, A. and Bereczkei, T. (2015) ‘Machiavellianism and adult attachment in general interpersonal relationships and close relationships’, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 11(1), pp. 139–154. doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i1.801. 

Jinyao, Y. et al. (2012) ‘Insecure attachment as a predictor of depressive and anxious symptomology’, Depression and Anxiety, 29(9), pp. 789–796. doi:10.1002/da.21953. 

Karatzias, T. et al. (2021) ‘Childhood trauma, attachment orientation, and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms in a clinical sample: Implications for treatment’, Development and Psychopathology, 34(3), pp. 1192–1197. doi:10.1017/s0954579420001509. 

Kekkonen, V. et al. (2023) ‘Externally oriented thinking style increases primary health care use in adolescence’, European Journal of Public Health, 33(3), pp. 418–423. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad041. 

Mikulincer, M. and Horesh, N. (1999) ‘Adult attachment style and the perception of others: The role of projective mechanisms.’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), pp. 1022–1034. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.76.6.1022. 

Murphy, R., Goodall, K. and Woodrow, A. (2020) ‘The relationship between attachment insecurity and experiences on The paranoia continuum: A meta‐analysis’, British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(3), pp. 290–318. doi:10.1111/bjc.12247. 

Overall, N.C. et al. (2015) ‘Attachment insecurity, biased perceptions of romantic partners’ negative emotions, and hostile relationship behavior.’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(5), pp. 730–749. doi:10.1037/a0038987. 

Rholes, W.S. and Simpson, J.A. (2007) Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford. 

Simonsen, S. et al. (2020) ‘Level of alexithymia as a measure of personality dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder’, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(4), pp. 266–274. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1841290. 

Simpson, J.A. and Rholes, W.S. (2015) Attachment theory and research: New Directions and emerging themes. New York: The Guilford Press. 

Swan, T. and Benack, S. (2002) ‘Narcissism in the Epistemological Pit’, Journal of Adult Development, 9(3), pp. 179–185. doi:10.1023/a:1016099909597. 

Talia, A. et al. (2019) ‘Patients’ adult attachment interview classification and their experience of the therapeutic relationship: Are they associated?’, Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 22(2). doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.361. 

Yang, F. and Oka, T. (2023) ‘Free from your experiences to grow: Belief in free will moderates the relationship between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative’, BMC Psychology, 11(1). doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01289-x. 

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC

这期播客我们要在结合依恋理论的基础上，聊一聊复杂性创伤后应激障碍(CPTSD)如何影响我们的行为。我们或许会因为生活中的一些小事产生与之不匹配的情绪波动。我们或许会尤其害怕社交，担心社交中的负反馈。我们或许会经常被严厉的内在批判者和自身毒性的羞耻感所审视和折磨。我们或许会对同一件人际关系之中的事情，产生出截然不同的反应。我们或许会对自己的人生感到虚无和无意义。我们可能会很难和其他人建立和维系亲近的关系。这些看似不相关的问题都可以追溯到我们成长中的创伤性体验。希望借用CPTSD的视角，这期播客可以帮助我们更好的了解这些困扰的起源。

时间轴：

开头 - 0:27

什么是CPTSD(复杂性创伤后应激障碍) - 3:46

让我们退行到脆弱状态的情绪闪回 - 7:27

CPTSD与社交焦虑 - 11:22

来自内在批判者的审视与折磨 - 15:17

自我嫌弃作为追求真理意志(will to truth)的动力 - 22:43

因为不被接纳产生的“慕强”和“智性恋”倾向 - 25:22

个体4F反应（战、逃、僵和讨好）的起源 - 28:23

4F反应如何限制个体的共情能力 - 32:33

童年时期的创伤性体验与无意义感 - 37:17

缺失无条件的爱如何影响成年人 - 45:36

理性作为一种自我保护手段 - 50:26

“性单恋”作为一种创伤带来的依恋障碍 - 52:00

结尾 - 56:50

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

参考文献:

彼得沃克 (2023) 不原谅也没关系. 北京: 北京科学技术出版社. 

Burnette, J.L. et al. (2009) ‘Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination, empathy, and forgiveness’, Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), pp. 276–280. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.016. 

Crittenden, P.M. (1992) ‘Treatment of anxious attachment in infancy and early childhood’, Development and Psychopathology, 4(4), pp. 575–602. doi:10.1017/s0954579400004880. 

Fantini-Hauwel, C., Boudoukha, A.H. and Arciszewski, T. (2012) ‘Adult attachment and emotional awareness impairment: A multimethod assessment’, Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology, 2(1), p. 10744. doi:10.3402/snp.v2i0.10744. 

Ináncsi, T., Láng, A. and Bereczkei, T. (2015) ‘Machiavellianism and adult attachment in general interpersonal relationships and close relationships’, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 11(1), pp. 139–154. doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i1.801. 

Jinyao, Y. et al. (2012) ‘Insecure attachment as a predictor of depressive and anxious symptomology’, Depression and Anxiety, 29(9), pp. 789–796. doi:10.1002/da.21953. 

Karatzias, T. et al. (2021) ‘Childhood trauma, attachment orientation, and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms in a clinical sample: Implications for treatment’, Development and Psychopathology, 34(3), pp. 1192–1197. doi:10.1017/s0954579420001509. 

Kekkonen, V. et al. (2023) ‘Externally oriented thinking style increases primary health care use in adolescence’, European Journal of Public Health, 33(3), pp. 418–423. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad041. 

Rholes, W.S. and Simpson, J.A. (2007) Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford. 

Simonsen, S. et al. (2020) ‘Level of alexithymia as a measure of personality dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder’, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(4), pp. 266–274. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1841290. 

Simpson, J.A. and Rholes, W.S. (2015) Attachment theory and research: New Directions and emerging themes. New York: The Guilford Press. 

Talia, A. et al. (2019) ‘Patients’ adult attachment interview classification and their experience of the therapeutic relationship: Are they associated?’, Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 22(2). doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.361. 

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC

这是我们的第一期播客，也这个一共三期的依恋理论系列播客的第一期，在这一期里，我们会聊到一些依恋理论的基础知识：每个依恋类型的特点，它们如何产生，又有什么样的影响。了解完这些基础知识后，我们更推荐大家优先听第三期。而第二期可以作为另一个视角和一个补充。

时间轴： 

什么是依恋理论 -2.33

高焦虑的特点 - 3.49

高回避的特点 - 8.58

述情障碍（Alexithymia）如何影响回避型的个体 - 14.31

安全型依恋的特点 - 19.56

Mary Ainsworth和她的Strange Situation -21.09

Erving Goffman的拟剧论与非安全型依恋 - 24.25

非安全型依恋的心理健康问题 - 27.43

讨好作为一种获取安全感的渠道 - 31.37

教养、边界感与社会期待 - 36.34

缺失安全感如何影响择偶选择 - 39.03

结尾 - 44.27

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：[email protected]

参考文献:

Burnette, J.L. et al. (2009) ‘Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination, empathy, and forgiveness’, Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), pp. 276–280. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.016. 

Crittenden, P.M. (1992) ‘Treatment of anxious attachment in infancy and early childhood’, Development and Psychopathology, 4(4), pp. 575–602. doi:10.1017/s0954579400004880. 

Fantini-Hauwel, C., Boudoukha, A.H. and Arciszewski, T. (2012) ‘Adult attachment and emotional awareness impairment: A multimethod assessment’, Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology, 2(1), p. 10744. doi:10.3402/snp.v2i0.10744. 

Ináncsi, T., Láng, A. and Bereczkei, T. (2015) ‘Machiavellianism and adult attachment in general interpersonal relationships and close relationships’, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 11(1), pp. 139–154. doi:10.5964/ejop.v11i1.801. 

Jinyao, Y. et al. (2012) ‘Insecure attachment as a predictor of depressive and anxious symptomology’, Depression and Anxiety, 29(9), pp. 789–796. doi:10.1002/da.21953. 

Karatzias, T. et al. (2021) ‘Childhood trauma, attachment orientation, and complex PTSD (CPTSD) symptoms in a clinical sample: Implications for treatment’, Development and Psychopathology, 34(3), pp. 1192–1197. doi:10.1017/s0954579420001509. 

Kekkonen, V. et al. (2023) ‘Externally oriented thinking style increases primary health care use in adolescence’, European Journal of Public Health, 33(3), pp. 418–423. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckad041. 

Rholes, W.S. and Simpson, J.A. (2007) Adult attachment: Theory, research, and clinical implications. New York: Guilford. 

Simonsen, S. et al. (2020) ‘Level of alexithymia as a measure of personality dysfunction in avoidant personality disorder’, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 75(4), pp. 266–274. doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1841290. 

Simpson, J.A. and Rholes, W.S. (2015) Attachment theory and research: New Directions and emerging themes. New York: The Guilford Press. 

Talia, A. et al. (2019) ‘Patients’ adult attachment interview classification and their experience of the therapeutic relationship: Are they associated?’, Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 22(2). doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.361. 

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC