Platelets are the bricks; fibrin (clotting factors) is the mortar — together, they form a clot.

Antiplatelets like Aspirin and Plavix stop platelets from sticking together (affect the bricks).

Anticoagulants like Heparin and Warfarin slow or block clotting factors (affect the mortar).

Heparin: rapid IV/SQ action, monitor aPTT (45–80 sec), antidote = protamine sulfate.

Warfarin: slow oral action, monitor INR (2–3), antidote = vitamin K or Kcentra.

Bleeding precautions: soft toothbrush, electric razor, no IM injections, fall precautions.

hit syndrome: platelet drop with heparin—monitor closely.

Nclex focus: select-all-that-apply questions on bleeding precautions, therapeutic ranges, and antidotes.

Teaching tip: Vitamin K–rich foods lower INR — consistency is key.

Safe practice = understanding both sides of clotting: what builds it and what breaks it down.

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