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Drug: Lisinopril

Class: ACE inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor)

Mechanism: Blocks conversion of angiotensin one → angiotensin two, leading to vasodilation, reduced afterload, and decreased aldosterone secretion.

Therapeutic Uses: Hypertension, heart failure, post-MI, diabetic nephropathy (renal protection).

Contraindications: Pregnancy (Category D), prior angioedema from ACE inhibitors, bilateral renal artery stenosis.

Major Adverse Effects (Mnemonic – ACE):

A: Angioedema – airway emergency, stop drug immediately

C: Cough – persistent, dry, brady-kinen buildup

E: Elevated potassium – risk for hyperkalemia, monitor labs and EKG

Nursing Priorities:

Monitor potassium, creatinine, and blood pressure (watch for first-dose hypotension)

Teach patients to avoid potassium supplements, salt substitutes, and NSAIDs

Educate about orthostatic safety and consistent daily dosing

Use teach-back method to ensure understanding

NCLEX Tip: Remember the ACE mnemonic for test questions on adverse effects and safety monitoring.

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