What you will learn

This episode reviews the original paper proposing the Status Epilepticus Severity Score, or STESS score, for prognosis in adult patients with status epilepticus. It explains how consciousness level, seizure type, age, and seizure history were used to predict short-term mortality.

Key words

Consciousness impairment.

Non-convulsive status epilepticus with coma.

Negative predictive value.

Somnolent.

Stuporous.

Comatose.

Post-anoxic.

Source

Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB. A clinical score for prognosis of status epilepticus in adults. Neurology. 2006;66:1736-1738.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.

What you will learn

This episode reviews a study proposing the modified Status Epilepticus Severity Score, or modified S-T-E-S-S, for predicting mortality in adult patients with status epilepticus. It explains how adding baseline mRS may improve early risk prediction.

Key words

Status epilepticus.

S-T-E-S-S score.

Modified S-T-E-S-S.

Modified Rankin Scale.

Non-convulsive status epilepticus with coma.

Baseline functional status.

Source

Gonzalez-Cuevas M, Santamarina E, Toledo M, et al. A new clinical score for the prognosis of status epilepticus in adults. European Journal of Neurology. 2016;23:1534-1540. doi:10.1111/ene.13073.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.

What you will learn

This episode reviews a prospective study on neurological autoantibodies in adult patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology. It explains why autoimmune epilepsy is clinically important and highlights red flags such as viral prodrome, faciobrachial dystonic spells, facial dyskinesias, and the APE score.

Key words

Epilepsy of unknown etiology.

Neurological autoantibodies.

Viral prodrome.

Faciobrachial dystonic spells.

Facial dyskinesias.

APE score.

Source

Dubey D, Alqallaf A, Hays R, et al. Neurological Autoantibody Prevalence in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology. JAMA Neurology. 2017;74(4):397-402. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5429.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces common types of higher cortical dysfunction, including aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, hemispatial neglect, memory impairment, and executive dysfunction.

Key words

Higher cortical function.

Aphasia.

Apraxia.

Agnosia.

Hemispatial neglect.

Memory impairment.

Executive dysfunction.

Source

Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces common autonomic symptoms and basic points of autonomic nervous system examination, including orthostatic hypotension, bladder dysfunction, constipation, sweating abnormality, and pupillary response.

Key words

Autonomic nervous system.

Orthostatic hypotension.

Postural dizziness.

Urenary retention.

Bladder dysfunction.

Constipation.

Sweating abnormality.

Pupillary response.

Source

Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces how to ask about symptoms related to meningeal irritation and how to examine meningeal signs, including nuchal rigidity, jolt accentuation, Kernig sign, and Brudzinski sign.

Key words

Meningeal irritation.

Nuchal rigidity.

Jolt accentuation.

Kernig sign.

Brudzinski sign.

Photophobia.

Lumbar puncture.

Source

Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces a basiccoordination examination, including the finger-to-nose test, heel-to-shin test,rapid alternating movements, and common cerebellar signs.

Key words

Finger-to-nose test.

Heel-to-shin test.

Dysmetria.

decomposition of movement.

Dysdiadochokinesia.

Intention tremor.

Cerebellar ataxia.

Source

Clinical neurological examination andstandard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposesonly. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces common abnormal gait patterns and their associated neurological diseases.

Key words

Sensory ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia. Spastic gait. Scissoring gait. Parkinsonian gait. Steppage gait. Intermittent claudication. Waddling gait.

Source

Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces how to perform a basic reflex examination, including deep tendon reflexes, the Jendrassik maneuver, and the Babinski reflex.

Key words

Jaw jerk reflex. Biceps reflex. Patellar tendon reflex. Jendrassik maneuver. Babinski reflex.

Source

Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.

What you will learn

This conversation introduces how to askabout numbness and how to perform a basic sensory examination.

Key words

Numbness. Anesthesia. Dysesthesia. Pain andtemperature sensation. Joint position sense. Vibration sense.

Source

Clinical neurological examination andstandard clinical practice.

Note

This episode is for educational purposesonly. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.