In this episode, we explore the foundations of neuropharmacology, connecting nervous system physiology with targeted drug therapy for common neurologic disorders. We’ll review the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, highlighting how neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and norepinephrine regulate involuntary body functions through specific ligand–receptor interactions. Clinical focus is placed on disorders like myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer disease, examining how cholinergic medications and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors alter receptor activity to improve function and slow disease progression. We’ll also break down epilepsy, classifying seizure types and reviewing key antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and diazepam. Throughout the episode, we emphasize critical nursing implications, including monitoring for adverse drug reactions, recognizing dangerous interactions, and ensuring safe medication administration. This episode provides a clear framework for understanding how pharmacologic therapies target the central and autonomic nervous systems to improve patient outcomes.