Neuroverse

In this weeks episode Carolina and Clara discuss spatial cognition - the focus of their masters project at Professor Matt Nolan’s lab in the University of Edinburgh. Focusing on navigation, memory and grid cells’ firing rate, Carolina and Clara discuss the crucial role the Medial Entorhinal Cortex has in providing spatial perception and episodic memory formation. 

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In this episode we are joined with another young neuroscientist, Subham Ganguly, to discuss methodological approaches to neursocience research from a philosophical perspective. How does the necessity to base research on biological hypotheses influence our findings? Are we limiting our potential for knowledge by categorising the brain into discrete brain regions? What is the value of coming up with theories that can be applied across the brain instead? How can we use biological mechanisms to define cognitive functions or behaviours? Or can we?

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Within each of us exists a gut microbiome- trillions of bacteria, virus, fungi, and other microorganisms living in our gut. Research is increasingly revealing a role for the gut microbiome in health and disease. Changes to the gut microbiome have been linked to several psychiatric, behavioural, and neurodegenerative brain disorders, from depression to autism to dementia. But how can these tiny microorganisms regulate what is happening in our brains? In this episode, Carolina and Clara explore what we know about the elusive yet emerging gut-microbiome-brain axis, and how this knowledge could contribute to developing therapies for brain disorders. 

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In today's episode Carolina and Clara are joined with special guest Dr Ginger Campbell, who hosts the award-winning Brain Science podcast. They discuss the importance of communicating neuroscience and how having an understanding of how the brain works helps both individuals and societies to have more compassion towards one another, based on Dr Ginger Campbell's book "The Unconscious Origins of Certainty". Biases and beliefs are often down to dopamine-based reward systems. Our education systems tend to be built upon a binary "right or wrong" way of thinking, which fuels our reward systems to look for the right answers. While this structure is essential to learning, what are the negative outcomes of such a way of thinking? "People are the most unpredictable thing you'll encounter in life", so what insights can neuroscience provide to help us understand human nature better?

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This week we are joined by special guest and young neuroscientist, Carlotta Barelli, to discuss neurogenesis! While it was traditionally believed that the brain is a "nonrenewable organ", research is continually demonstrating that the brain actually has an incredible ability to adapt and renew in response to environmental changes. One such mechanism is known as neurogenesis, the formation and growth of new neurons, which can occur throughout life. In this episode, we discuss whether or not adult neurogenesis occurs in humans, how neurogenesis is different across species, the functional importance of neurogenesis, and what we can do to boost neurogenesis in our own brains. 

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In today’s episode Carolina and Clara discuss free will vs determinism in a philosophical, physics and neuroscience context! Can the philosophical debate be reduced to the sciences? Does the existence of chance and randomness invalidate determinism? Does spontaneous brain activity support free will? 

“Further conceive, I beg, that a stone, while continuing in motion, should be capable of thinking and knowing, that it is endeavoring, as far as it can, to continue to move. Such a stone, being conscious merely of its own endeavor and not at all indifferent, would believe itself to be completely free, and would think that it continued in motion solely because of its own wish. This is that human freedom, which all boast that they possess, and which consists solely in the fact, that men are conscious of their own desire, but are ignorant of the causes whereby that desire has been determined.” Spinoza

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Dendrites are the tree like structures that extend out from neurons and have powerful roles in information processing. In this episode, Carolina and Clara discuss how dendrites can enable a form of predictive coding by integrating feedback and feedforward information. Is the brainwide predictive coding system comparable to the smaller-scale dendritic level?

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In today’s episode Carolina and Clara discuss subjectivity and emotional valence, inspired by Kay M. Tay’s review paper on emotional valence. Quantifying and measuring emotions is a feat attempted by scientists, but is it truly possible? Could we ever cross that epistemological barrier? Are emotions binary or on a spectrum? 

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In this episode, Carolina and Clara discuss science art with the incredible Science-Art duo: Adèle Tilouine and Tyler Kaufman. Together they are TakT! They are artists that use science and philosophy as inspiration to create immersive sensorial and artistic experiences. Adèle focusing on the visual arts and Tyler on the sound composition, together achieve transcendental works of art. In this episode they discuss the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, the importance of science communication and how art can communicate science. Are scientists artists? And are artists scientists? 

TakT website: https://taktarts.com/ 

Contact TakT at [email protected]

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In this episode, Carolina and Clara discuss yet another type of science misinformation in part 3 of the "Science Misinformation" series. Pressure in the science community to produce research and publish interesting results is continuously increasing, and this can unfortunately drive bias and misconduct by scientists to inflate the truth or find what they are looking for. Inspired by a recent investigation into one scientist's research, we discuss why this happens and, importantly, what is being done to avoid it in the neuroscience community. 

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