Jeffrey Cohen, MD, Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, and Director of the Experimental Therapeutics Program at the Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, reviews the latest international guidelines from the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) and EBMT on the use of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in relapsing multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.