将近两百多年以来，我们一直认为鸟类的嗅觉退化了，只能靠视觉和听觉生活。这些误解可能源自于奥杜邦早年间做的关于红头美洲鹫实验，成为学界共识。上百年以后，有负责天然气巡线的工人发现，管道泄漏散发出来的乙硫醇会吸引秃鹫聚集，才让研究者重新审视鸟类嗅觉。

其实我们一直在用我们和动物相比非常迟钝的感觉去武断判断了动物的感知世界。

北岛褐几维鸟在喙尖端的鼻孔

哈哈，梗图一张

参考文献：

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BGM：小红莓乐队 - Animal Instinct

和我们人类楼市选择相似，鸟类在每年的繁殖季也面抉择。是耗费体能新建一个巢穴？还是干脆就用旧的巢。？这个非常简单的选择，是鸟类在漫长演化中形成的精准生存权衡，暗藏着自然的生存法则。

不同的鸟类有着不同的筑巢习性。小型雀形目鸣禽的露天杯状巢，经过了风吹雨淋很容易霉变破损，还容易被天敌锁定位置，所以它们坚持年年筑新巢。住树洞巢的鸟类、大型的猛禽和群居鸟类更偏爱复用旧巢。

筑巢是极度消耗体能与时间的工程。鸟类的选择始终遵循着能量平衡的逻辑。体能充足、时间充就筑新巢；体质孱弱、繁殖窗口期紧张就用旧巢求生存。这样的不动产抉择方式是大自然最残酷也最公平的生存智慧。

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BGM

Let’s Go Home Together - Ella Henderson & Tom Grennan

你知道每年春天，有多少只鸟飞过美洲大陆吗？数以百亿计。仅春季北迁的候鸟，总生物量就超过三万吨。它们无声无息，却波澜壮阔。但迁徙从来不是一帆风顺：风暴、沙漠、磁场扰动，都会让一些个体脱离航线。在鸟类学里，这些迷途的漂流者，被称为 ' 迷鸟 '。它们能找回回家的路吗？

你见过迷路的鸟吗？或者，你有没有过 ' 迷航 ' 的经历，最后找到回家的路了吗？欢迎您在评论区聊聊。

参考文献

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BGM: The sign of the times - Harry Styles

在上周的内容里我们简单介绍了希腊神话和中国神话中的一些异同，也对两种神话体系里各自的创世纪，英雄，美女做了个比较。今天的节目就把天庭体系里的各位神仙和奥林匹斯的十二主神做一个比较吧。 看看能不能一一对应上。

红陶罐上的命运三女神

哈迪斯抢亲

种子女神和农业女神的团聚

明代玉皇大帝的画像

正牌太阳神-赫利俄斯

太阳神的坑爹儿子

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BGM

生活倒影 - 苏运莹

中西方的神话是所有神话体系中最硬核的存在。 虽然远隔万里，但是在有的部分又有类似的地方。正好前段时间我们的节目里提到了在荷马史诗里出现的鸟类，今天就歪楼一下，来戏说下东西方神话的不同，咱们也一起找找别扭。 因为资料和内容比较多，我们就分成上下两集。 上集主要就是关于神话体系里创世纪，造人，神仙的生活状态，英雄， 美女这些。 在下集内容里会再来对应下天庭和奥林匹斯山的“管理层”。

注：关于阿芙洛狄特的出生， 有不同的版本。 在荷马史诗里，说她是宙斯的女儿，也是我们这次的表述。 在赫西俄德的神迹里面， 她是宙斯的长辈。乌拉诺斯在被克洛诺斯阉割了以后，他的生殖器官掉到了海里，化成了泡沫， 在泡沫中诞生了阿芙洛狄特，也就是著名的维纳斯的诞生（维纳斯是阿芙洛狄特的罗马名字）。

波提切利 - 维纳斯的诞生

中间C位，站在贝壳上的就是维纳斯。左边两位是风神，男性是西风神费泽罗斯，女性的说法众多，有的说是微风女神奥拉，也有的说是西风神的妻子，花仙克洛里斯。右边的这位有的说是春之时序女神，也有的说是美惠三女神之一。 比较有意思的是，看到岸边的菖蒲了么？据说那是对克洛诺斯被阉割掉的生殖器官的隐喻。

我个人才疏学浅，只是阅读过部分的内容， 如果有什么错误的地方，还请大家多多指正。

参考文献

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[8] 陈鼓应。道家思想与中国神话文化 [M]. 北京：中华书局，2020.

[9] 张岱年。中国文化概论 [M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社，2018.

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BGM

Apollo - Nightcore High & Timebelle

谁说夜里不能看鸟？科技发展越来越快，热成像仪现在已经从下放到民用的水平， 那么科学家是如何来利用这件神器来进行鸟类监测的呢？

山西浑源县永安禅寺 - 撕面明王

山西应县木塔和周围的雨燕

鹤飞去南方和矮人干仗！

此冰下的淤泥里打捞出来冬眠的鸟

参考文献：

Johnson, T. B., Gochfeld, D., Roach, M. C., Apte, G. A., Gallardy, R., Wilson, S. C., Marden, A., Irons, D. J., Farnsworth, A., & Rutt, C. L. (2026). Seeing in the dark: Using thermal imaging to directly observe nocturnal migration.Ornithology, 143(2), ukaf074.

Mitchell, W. F., & Clarke, R. H. (2019). Using infrared thermography to detect night-roosting birds.Journal of Field Ornithology, 90(2), 1–13.

吕不韦等. (前239年). 《吕氏春秋·季秋纪》.

杜甫. (759年). 《月夜忆舍弟》.

卢纶. (唐代). 《和张仆射塞下曲六首·其三》.

王昌龄. (唐代). 《太湖秋夕》.

雍陶. (唐代). 《秋露》.

吴兆骞. (清代). 《帐夜》.

Aristotle. (c. 350 BCE).Historia Animalium(Book VII/VIII). (Trans. D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson).

Magnus, O. (1555).Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus(Description of the Northern Peoples). Rome.

Morton, C. (1686).Compendium Physicae. Early English Books Online.

文史天地《中国人最好的夜色被唐朝人写绝了》

Scott, W. E. D. (1881). Some observations on the migration of birds.Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, 6(2), 97–100.

Libby, O. G. (1899). The nocturnal flight of migrating birds.The Auk, 16(2), 140–146.

Gauthreaux, S. A., Jr., & Belser, C. G. (2003). Radar ornithology and biological conservation.The Auk, 120(2), 266–277.

McCafferty, D. J. (2013). Applications of thermal imaging in avian science.Ibis, 155(1), 4–15.

Van Doren, B. M., & Horton, K. G. (2018). A continental system for forecasting bird migration.Science, 361(6407), 1115–1118.

Van Doren, B. M., Farnsworth, A., Stone, K., Osterhaus, D. M., Drucker, J., & Van Horn, G. (2024). Nighthawk: Acoustic monitoring of nocturnal bird migration in the Americas.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 15(2), 329–344.

BGM

Night Bird - Keysmoa & July | Piano Society. 3

Share the Land - The Guess Who

听友群号：hotpeaker

流苏鹬雄鸟有三种截然不同的繁殖策略，其中80-95%是独立型雄性， 他们好斗，饰羽华丽；有5-20%的卫星型雄鸟，他们的羽毛白色，和独立雄性混在一起，借机交配；还有大概1%的伪装型雄鸟， 他们是女装大佬，拟态雌鸟偷袭繁殖。这些策略是由11号染色体上约450万碱基对的倒位超级基因决定的。大自然以此证明，成功繁衍的策略不止一种。

从做到右三位男士 - 伪装性雄鸟（女装大佬），卫星型雄鸟（白衣骑士），霸道领主（独立型雄鸟）

哈利波特 - 差点无头的尼克，脖子上那一圈就是Ruff

参考文献：

Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Loveland, J. L., Goymann, W., Tschirren, B., Burke, T., Kempenaers, B., Lank, D. B., & Küpper, C. (2022). Intralocus conflicts associated with a supergene.Nature Communications, 13(1), 1384.

Hill, J., Enbody, E. D., Bi, H., Lamichhaney, S., Lei, W., Chen, J., Wei, C., Liu, Y., Schwochow, D., Younis, S., Widemo, F., & Andersson, L. (2023). Low mutation load in a supergene underpinning alternative male mating strategies in ruff (Calidris pugnax).Molecular Biology and Evolution, 40(12), msad224.

Loveland, J. L., Zemella, A., Jovanović, V. M., Möller, G., Sager, C. P., Bastos, B., Dyar, K. A., Fusani, L., Gahr, M., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Goymann, W., Lank, D. B., Tokarz, J., Nowick, K., & Küpper, C. (2025). A single gene orchestrates androgen variation underlying male mating morphs in ruffs.Science, 387(6732), 406–412.

Loveland, J. L., Giraldo-Deck, L. M., Lank, D. B., Goymann, W., Gahr, M., & Küpper, C. (2021). Functional differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are associated with alternative reproductive tactics based on an inversion polymorphism.Hormones and Behavior, 127, 104877.

Lamichhaney, S., Fan, G., Widemo, F., Gunnarsson, U., Thalmann, D. S., Hoeppner, M. P., Kerje, S., Gustafson, U., Shi, C., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Liang, X., Huang, L., Wang, J., Liang, E., Wu, Q., Lee, S. M.-Y., Xu, X., Höglund, J., Liu, X., & Andersson, L. (2016). Structural genomic changes underlie alternative reproductive strategies in the ruff (Philomachus pugnax).Nature Genetics, 48(1), 84–88.

Campagna L. Supergenes: the genomic architecture of a bird with four sexes. Curr Biol. 2016 Feb 8;26(3):R105-R107. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005. PMID: 26859263.

Maney DL, Merritt JR, Prichard MR, Horton BM, Yi SV. Inside the supergene of the bird with four sexes. Horm Behav. 2020 Nov;126:104850. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850. PMID: 32937166; PMCID: PMC7725849.

BGM：Michael Bolton - When a man loves a woman

公元402年，罗马从不列颠撤离以后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人陆续登陆，开启了不列颠的“七国时代”。在古英语诗歌《航海者》里记录了在那个时候人与自然的交锋，在以鸟为名的地名里还封存了他们更细腻的生态记忆。在现在的英国，有很多地名比如“斯尼特菲尔德”（沙锥之地）或“乌尔库姆”（鸮之谷），就是古英语对鸟类习性和鸣叫的“拟声实录”。那时候住在英国的岛人把夜栖的猫头鹰看成是黑暗的化身，把杜鹃的啼鸣当成了能留住夏日的咒语。

相比之下，中国带鸟名的地名就更具宏大叙事。河南鹤壁，山西雁门关，深圳“鹏城”，西安大雁塔等等，我门从微观的生态观察到宏观的军事图腾，地名见证了中国人和鸟类的共生。

不过，随着城市化推进，现在很多多地名早就名不副实了，还有你一些地产开发商滥用鸟名当成物业的名字来做营销，这些词汇就失去了生态根基。好在最近有流行和开展了“再野化”工程中，这些古老地名就成了找回失落自然的初始导航图。毕竟，我们人类从来不是独居在大地智商，而是活在万物共织的生命网里。

参考文献：

Anonymous. (c. 10th Century).The Seafarer. InThe Exeter Book(MS 3501, Exeter Cathedral Library). [Exeter Book manuscript depicting Old English avian imagery, soundscapes, and nautical isolation].

Bartholomew Anglicus (Bartholomew the Englishman). (c. 1240 / Trans. John Trevisa, 1398).De proprietatibus rerum(On the Properties of Things). Westminster: Wynkyn de Worde.

Chaucer, Geoffrey. (c. 1387–1400).The Canterbury Tales("The Wife of Bath's Tale"). London: William Caxton.

Cocker, Mark, & Mabey, Richard. (2005).Birds Britannica. London: Chatto & Windus.

Defoe, Daniel. (1724–1726).A Tour Thro' the Whole Island of Great Britain. London: G. Strahan.

Jefferies, Richard. (1883).Nature Near London. London: Chatto & Windus.

Jones, Richard. (2012).Manure in the Middle Ages: Sense of Place, Toponymy, and Environmental Perception in Early Medieval England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Jørgensen, Dolly. (2019).Recovering Lost Species in the Modern Age: Histories of Longing and Belonging. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Mynott, Jeremy. (2008).Birds in the Ancient World: Winged Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

河南省测绘地理信息局, 鹤壁市自然资源和规划局. (2019). 《鹤壁市国土空间规划与地名演变历史考略》 [R]. 郑州: 河南省测绘地理信息局.

深圳市档案馆. (2022). 《追寻档案踪迹：深圳别名“鹏城”源流与大鹏所城历史》 [R/OL]. 深圳: 深圳市人民政府/深圳市档案馆.

芜湖市人民政府, 芜湖市统计局. (2024). 《芜湖市概况、历史沿革与“鸠兹”古地名考》 [R/OL]. 芜湖: 芜湖市人民政府官网.

辛晓娟. (2024-07-19). 《雁塔题名：唐代士人的荣耀与记忆》 [N].光明日报/ 光明网.

鹤山市人民政府文化馆. (2020). 《鹤山置县、客家移民开垦与“十七村”历史考略》 [R/OL]. 江门: 广东省鹤山市人民政府网.

鹰潭市地方志编纂委员会. (2011). 《鹰潭地名源流与水文地质自然地理考》 [M]. 鹰潭: 鹰潭市地方志办公室.

BGM

We Will Rock You / Eye of the Tiger / Clumsy Lover | Red Hot Chilli Pipers | The Return of the Bagpipes 2011

故乡 - 桑杰才让

《荷马史诗》里的鸟，藏着古希腊人惊人的自然观察力。成书于公元前8世纪的《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》记录了三十多种鸟，细节精准得让现代鸟类学家惊叹。希腊人关注鸟类的解剖特征与行为逻辑，我们的先民则赋予了鸟深厚的道德与政治寓意。

东西方文明不约而同地将观察写入天空。一方是严谨的“野外解剖学”，一方是温情的“道德物候学”，羽毛翻飞间，就能映照出我们人类理解世界的两种浪漫路径。

参考文献：

Boraston, J. Maclair. "The Birds of Homer."The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 31, 1911, pp. 216–250.

Mutschler, Fritz-Heiner (ed.). The Homeric Epics and the Chinese Book of Songs: Foundational Texts Compared. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.

Arnott, W. Geoffrey. Birds in the Ancient World from A to Z. London & New York: Routledge, 2007.

Johansson, Karin. The Birds in the Iliad: Identities, Interactions and Functions. (Gothenburg Studies in History, 2). Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2012.

颜重威. 《诗经里的鸟类》. 台北: 乡宇文化, 2004.

招祥麒. 《诗歌，使鸟的生命延展永生——谈〈诗经〉中的鸟》. 灼见名家 (Master Insight), 2023.

《人民论坛》编辑部. 《中国古代保护鸟类的道德义务、执行机构及精神历程》. 《人民论坛》期刊, 2025.

中央纪委国家监委网站. 《“关关雎鸠”的雎鸠是什么鸟：传统文化名物考》. 中央纪委监察部网站客户端, 2017.

中国教育新闻网. 《先秦与汉魏古典诗歌中的禽鸟意象演变》. 中国教育报/文化专栏, 2019.

香港岭南大学中文系. 《诗经里的鸟民族——“天命玄鸟，降而生商”与上古鸟图腾考》. 岭南大学学术典藏, 2018.

国家林业和草原局. 《〈诗经〉名物博物考：风诗中的“鸠”与古人观鸟》. 国家林草局科普专栏, 2026.

光明网. 《〈关雎〉与先秦贵族审美及鸟类象征》. 《光明日报》文学遗产版, 2021.

科技大观园. 《“多识于鸟兽草木之名”：〈论语〉与〈诗经〉中的自然认知》. 科技部科普数据库.

香港特别行政区政府教育局. 《高中中国语文科推荐篇章导读：〈周南·关雎〉》. 课程发展处, 2021

人类对鸟类的痴迷自古有之，而且传统的鸟类研究也充满艰辛。科学家常有的最大的难题莫过于“认鸟”：在外观相似的鸟类中，如何分辨谁是“张三”谁是“李四”？

现在，AI成了科研利器。在个体识别上，科学家发明了“鸟脸打卡机”。在行为学研究中，机器鸟“芬哥”惊艳亮相。在工业防范方面，风电场利用双目立体视觉和三级虚拟围栏技术，精准区分几百米外的猛禽和一般鸟类，实现“按需停机”。

中间的就是机械鸟“芬哥”

参考文献：

Ferreira, A. C., Silva, L. R., Renna, F., Brandl, H. B., Renoult, J. P., Farine, D. R., Covas, R., & Doutrelant, C. (2020). Deep learning-based methods for individual recognition in small birds.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11(9), 1072–1085. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.13436

Simon, R., Varkevisser, J., Mendoza, E., Hochradel, K., Elsinga, R., Wiersma, P. G., Middelburg, E., Zoeter, E., Scharff, C., Riebel, K., & Halfwerk, W. (2023). RoboFinch: A versatile audio-visual synchronised robotic bird model for laboratory and field research on songbirds.Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14(4), 1092–1103. DOI : 10.1111/2041-210X.14063

Goodman, B. D., Lima, K. A., Benz, S., Fisichelli, N. A., & Kitzes, J. (2025). Humans outperform Merlin Sound ID in field-based point-count surveys.Ornithological Applications, 127(4), duaf049. DOI : 10.1093/ornithapp/duaf049

Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Wich, S., Longmore, S. N., Walsh, N. D., Oliver, L., Warrington, J., Quinlan, J., & Appleby, K. (2025). AI-Driven Real-Time Monitoring of Ground-Nesting Birds: A Case Study on Curlew Detection Using YOLOv10.Remote Sensing, 17(5), 769. DOI : 10.3390/rs17050769

Kahl, S., Wood, C. M., Eibl, M., & Klinck, H. (2021). BirdNET: A deep learning solution for avian diversity monitoring.Ecological Informatics, 61, 101236. DOI : 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101236

Brighton, C., Clarke, J., & Boersch-Supan, P. (2025). Scientific support to the trial of Spoor AI at the European Offshore Wind Deployment Centre.BTO Research Report, 781, 109.

Klar, N., Gifary, N., Ziegler, F. P. G., Sehnke, F., Kaifel, A., Price, E., & Ahmad, A. (2025). BirdRecorder's AI on Sky: Safeguarding birds of prey by detection and classification of tiny objects around wind turbines.arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.18136.

Mund, J.-P., & Rieger, S. (2023). Remote Sensing Methods Combined with Anti-collision Systems to Reduce Avian Collisions with Wind Turbines, Facilitating the Energy Transition.Advances in GIScience, 2(2), 69–87. DOI : 10.1553/giscience2023_02_s69

BGM：Will you love me tomorrow - Carole King