Today we’re going to spend a little time with a parable that Jesus told, the Parable of the Sower. But first we’re going to talk a bit about the genre of parables, and what they’re for.
I can’t remember how many of you were here at the dining room table when Tomi was talking about Plato and esoteric knowledge, but I don’t think it was everyone, so a brief recap is in order. Tomi was mulling over an approach to reading Plato, well, really of reading philosophy, that was advocated by a philosopher named Leo Strauss.
Strauss was born in Germany, and taught most of his career at the University of Chicago, but for his final three years of academic work, he was a scholar in residence at St. John’s. He and his wife are both buried in Annapolis, I think in that cemetery right there where General’s Highway meets West Street, across from the mall.
Strauss advocates for a reading of Plato, where we see both a plain meaning and an esoteric meaning. When you hear the word esoteric, think of something that’s not for everybody, it’s just for the inner circle, or the already-initiated. Strauss argues that this is how philosophy would have been read and understood in the time it was developed, and he strongly dislikes at least some of the more modern readings of these texts.
There are plenty of reasons a person who was thinking and teaching and preaching and writing in the ancient times might have wanted to obscure some of what they were saying, and indeed there were lots of people who didn’t write anything down. Socrates comes to mind, but also Jesus. He never wrote anything down, and everything we know about him was written down by other people, and most of those weren’t first hand accounts.
Jesus certainly did speak in parables, but it’s also worth remembering that the people who wrote about the things Jesus said may have also had their own reasons for being a little obscure with some of the teachings. Still, one important way of reading the accounts in the Gospels is to consider them the way people might have read them when they were written.
In the Gospel of Mark, there’s a nod to the esoteric view, this part of the story is from right after Jesus tells them the Parable of the Sower, and the disciples ask him about it.
When he was alone, the Twelve and the others around him asked him about the parables. He told them, “The secret of the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those on the outside everything is said in parables so that,
“‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding;otherwise they might turn and be forgiven!’”
Here we have a nod to that idea there are some secrets for the insiders that are obscured from outsiders, which is what esoteric means. Esoteric is for insiders. Notably, Jesus is quoting the prophet Isaiah there at the end, giving us a sense of who the insiders might be.
So let’s rewind and read the parable itself.
“Listen! A farmer went out to sow his seed. As he was scattering the seed, some fell along the path, and the birds came and ate it up. Some fell on rocky places, where it did not have much soil. It sprang up quickly, because the soil was shallow. But when the sun came up, the plants were scorched, and they withered because they had no root. Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the plants, so that they did not bear grain. Still other seed fell on good soil. It came up, grew and produced a crop, some multiplying thirty, some sixty, some a hundred times.”
The thing that I’m struck by when I read this parable, is that it actually seems pretty obvious. Of course I’ve known the story since I was a kid, and we used to sing it as a song at church camp. But also, Mark records Jesus telling the disciples exactly what it means in the next section, right after he tells them how mysterious it is.
When I was talking to Lina about it, I told her I thought the writer of the book of Mark might just have been trying to make the reader feel smart, or feel like one of the insiders instead of one of the outsiders.
The surface meaning also just makes a lot of sense, and the funny thing about the surface meaning of this parable, is that it’s story about esoteric knowledge. It’s a story about what happens when you tell a story, actually when you tell anything to different people who are differently prepared to hear it. Here’s the explanation Jesus gives in the book of Mark:
“Don’t you understand this parable? How then will you understand any parable? The farmer sows the word. Some people are like seed along the path, where the word is sown. As soon as they hear it, Satan comes and takes away the word that was sown in them. Others, like seed sown on rocky places, hear the word and at once receive it with joy. But since they have no root, they last only a short time. When trouble or persecution comes because of the word, they quickly fall away. Still others, like seed sown among thorns, hear the word; but the worries of this life, the deceitfulness of wealth and the desires for other things come in and choke the word, making it unfruitful. Others, like seed sown on good soil, hear the word, accept it, and produce a crop—some thirty, some sixty, some a hundred times what was sown.”
Part of what this story is telling us is that we need to look deeper than the surface of stories, that the story might not be just a story, that we actually have to think about it for a little while, we have to let it put down some roots and grow.
That word, Word, is one of the areas we might look a little deeper in the story. The word Word, or Logos in the Greek, is one of the words we use as a synonym for Jesus. The Word became flesh and dwelt among us. So here, the writer of the Gospel of Mark is telling us that the Word isn’t going to take root everywhere.
But also, it literally just means word, same as in English. Anything someone might tell us or anything we might tell someone else.
I like this story a lot, but I’m a little suspicious of the idea that it’s esoteric, for two reasons. The first is that for something clever, it’s pretty obvious. The second is that it seems counter to the whole ethic of spreading the word, which Jesus is pretty insistent on. To me, the story isn’t so much about insiders and outsiders as it is about pausing and considering more deeply.
When I was Tomi’s age, I was working for Dale Thiele on his ranch, changing irrigation pipes. Hopefully Dale doesn’t get wind of this, but one of the things he told us to never ever ever do was to drive on any of the fields where crops were planted, and of course we never did, except once I just really needed to turn around in a field with newly sown rye, and so I did.
It packed the soil down just a little, you could hardly see it, but every time I went to go change irrigation in that field for the rest of the summer, you could see the tire tracks. Well, not the tracks themselves, but there was a perfectly shaped pickup-turnaround strip of rye that never grew as well as tall the rest of the rye in the field. At the end of the season when it was harvested, the rye in those tire tracks from the pickup were about six inches shorter than everywhere else, and I thought about the Parable of the Sower every time I looked at them.
The story took root in other ways those summers, too.
One way of thinking deeply about something is to just think about it for thirty years and then tell your kids or your friends about what you’ve figured out in those thirty years, and that’s not exactly esoteric, but it’s still special. I also like that the someone special in this story is a farmer, which I imagine lots of his audience could relate to. In some other parables, the hero of Jesus’s story is a fisherman or a servant.
I like to think the parables were mostly about bringing more people in rather than about keeping certain people out. And what this parable tells me is, maybe think about things like they’re on good, strong, deep soil. That’s what I’d like us to do while we light our candles.
I love you all so very much.
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