Nourish Balance Thrive

Rory Heath is a columnist at Strength & Conditioning Research and a 4th-year medical student at King's College, London. Rory has a passion for sports medicine and attends many sports medicine conferences. Treatment for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, common in contact sports like rugby, are frequently the focus of these events. In this interview, Rory talks about how some simple dietary changes may reduce the basal level of inflammation and reduce the number of injuries happening in the first place. Potentially inflammatory foods like wheat and dairy may be a cost-effective way to feed a rugby team in the short term, but if the diet ultimately contributes to an injury that requires surgery then clearly both the team and the player lose out.

The idea of preventing illness before it happens is not limited to sports medicine, and in this interview, Rory and I discuss some of the other diet and lifestyle hacks that assist with performance and longevity.

• My interview with Professor Kieran Clarke for the Keto Summit.
• Interviews with Dominic D`Agostino on STEM-Talk and The Quantified Body.
• Rory's article on strength training for the elderly.
• MOVE EAT TREAT.

Dan Pardi is a rare bird. Not only does Dan have a classical education in sports medicine and exercise physiology, he also spent time working with Dean Ornish at the Preventive Medicine Lifestyle Institute before spending a decade working in the pharmaceutical industry. Dan now collaborates with the Behavioral Sciences Department at Stanford University and the Departments of Neurology and Endocrinology at Leiden University and is also the CEO of a health-behavior technology company called Dan's Plan, which seeks to help people improve their health by establishing and sustaining an effective daily health practice.

In this interview, Dan talks about the practical use of tracking devices from the Quantified Self movement, and his new project, humanOS.

Dan's new podcast, humanOS Radio (iTunes, Stitcher, YouTube, Overcast) has been at the top of my listening list for the past couple of months now, and for the first few episodes, Dan has focussed exclusively on interviewing professors within the realm of health, performance and longevity.

Dan also writes regularly on the blog at Dan's Plan.

0:00:26 Dan has been on my podcast once before.

0:02:15 Dean Ornish.

0:04:19 Dan works at Stanford under Jamie Zeitzer in the Circadian Biology Department.

0:07:56 dansplan.com.

0:10:23 My previous podcast with Dr. Tommy Wood where we discuss rodent studies.

0:11:55 Radiographic studies at University of Washington.

0:15:52 humanOS

0:21:38 humanOS Radio podcast.

0:25:45 Zeo, Inc.

0:29:59 Tim Ferriss almond butter at night

0:31:39 IFTTT.

0:52:48 Dan's Plan on Facebook and Twitter.

Two brilliant scientists are racing to be the first to commercialise exogenous ketones. The applications include athletic performance and metabolic therapies for CNS oxygen toxicity, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the red corner, Dr. Richard Veech, one of the greatest living minds in basic biochemistry. In the blue corner, the also brilliant renegade chemist Patrick Arnold. Stuck somewhere in the middle is superhuman researcher Dominic D'Agostino, associate professor in the department of molecular pharmacology and physiology at the University of South Florida, and a visiting research scientist at the IHMC.

Patrick clearly has the head start, and I've been supplementing with his KetoForce and KetoCaNa products for over two years for bike races. Imagine my horror then when Dr. Veech appeared on the Bulletproof and Ben Greenfield podcasts to claim that Patrick's racemic ketone salts were "harmful and inhibitory" and "a dumb for convenience of manufacturing".

Caution is warranted.

A racemic mixture is one that includes both the D and L enantiomers. The source of the D and L labels was the Latin words dexter (on the right) and laevus (on the left). You may also have seen the labels R and S. R comes from rectus (right-handed) and S from sinister (left-handed). The physiological form of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the D form. This is the same reason why Tommy would never recommend synthetic vitamins (vitamin E is a good example), because you get a racemic mixture and the inactive form tends to inhibit the more active form.

L-BHB is also metabolised.

BHB is not like the synthetic vitamins. Through some elegant radiotracer studies, Dr. Veech's colleague Dr. Henri Brunengraber showed that the L-form is neither harmful nor inhibitory, and is also metabolised and converts to acetoacetate and back to D-BHB. The conversion is less efficient from the L-form, and relatively more of it is used for lipid synthesis and direct oxidation. 100% D-BHB might be better than a racemic mixture, but it's not harmful or inhibitory. As Dominic points out, racemic compounds have anti-seizure, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects.

If this all sounds a bit cloak and dagger.

It's because it probably is. After an in depth conversation and then interview for the Keto Summit, Professor Kieran Clarke of Oxford University made a compelling case for the D-BHB ester that has yet to be commercialised. My feeling is that her and Dr. Veech have a superior product, but that Dr. Veech's recent comments about racemic mixtures are anticompetitive opinion not backed up by evidence.

Is Dominic completely neutral in all this?

Probably not. See US patent US20140350105 and US20140073693 (Savind, Inc is Patrick Arnold's company). Are we neutral? Nope. We sell an MCT oil powder!

Do you have questions for Dominic or Patrick? Please leave them in the comments section below then sign up for the Keto Summit and I'll do my best to ask the experts when I interview them next month.

Also see the two new excellent podcast interviews with Dominic on STEM-Talk and The Quantified Body.

0:00:20 Podcast: Bulletproof Radio.

0:00:26 Podcast: Ben Greenfield.

0:01:10 Dr. Richard Veech.

0:02:28 1995 paper: Insulin, ketone bodies, and mitochondrial energy transduction.

0:03:08 Prototype Nutrition.

0:07:37 Atrial natriuretic peptide.

0:08:10 KetoCaNa.

0:10:04 Dominic and Patrick's study Effects of exogenous ketone supplementation on blood ketone, glucose, triglyceride, and lipoprotein levels in Sprague-Dawley rats.

0:13:19 Khan Academy: Stereochemistry.

0:15:03 D-L-alpha tocopherol.

0:22:32 NAD+/NADH ratios. See The Secret Life of NAD+: An Old Metabolite Controlling New Metabolic Signaling Pathways.

0:22:35 Ubiquinone.

0:23:25 Khan Academy: ATP hydrolysis: Gibbs free energy.

0:25:13 28% increase in cardiac efficiency

0:33:12 Dr. Mary Newport.

0:33:25 Steve Newport case study.

0:35:07 Sirtuins.

0:35:41 Lactate and pyruvate.

0:41:52 Kraft dried blood spot oral glucose tolerance test with insulin.

0:44:35 PHAT FIBRE hypoallergenic MCT oil powder.

0:44:56 Concierge Clinical Coaching private membership group.

In the past two weeks for the Keto Summit, I interviewed Dave Asprey, Mark Sisson and Professors Tim Noakes, Kieran Clarke and Tom Seyfried. These are just five of the 33 expert interview I have lined up. Each interview is around one hour or 10,000 words long. So much wisdom, sometimes decades in the making, is there anything I can do to help retain some of it in my long term memory? Quite possibly: nootropics are are drugs, supplements, or other substances that improve cognitive function, particularly executive functions, memory, creativity, or motivation, in healthy individuals. I'm completely new to the idea, and if you are too you'll find this podcast both helpful and intriguing.

My expert guest is Ryan Munsey. Ryan is a former fitness model and gym owner turned writer, speaker, and biohacker. He's a mental and physical performance specialist with a degree in Food Science & Human Nutrition from Clemson University. An avid hunter, you'll often find him in the woods.

0:00:12 Optimal Performance Podcast.

0:01:12 Book: Primal Endurance: Escape chronic cardio and carbohydrate dependency and become a fat burning beast! By Mark Sisson and Brad Kearns.

0:01:17 Keto Summit.

0:05:50 House of Strength gym.

0:05:57 Ryan has written for EliteFts, T-Nation, Men's Fitness.

0:06:06 Natural Stacks.

0:06:07 Joe Rogan Podcast.

0:06:08 Dave Asprey of the Bulletproof Radio Podcast.

0:11:36 Mental and physical performance stacks.

0:12:25 CILTEP (use the discount code CILTEPNBT).

0:13:04 My transcriptions are done by the wonderful people at Cabbage Tree.

0:16:14 Eat to Perform podcast.

0:17:37 Modafinil.

0:18:20 Racetam family.

0:19:30 Smart caffeine.

0:19:46 Abelard Lindsay.

0:20:19 Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor.

0:20:24 Khan Academy video: G Protein Coupled Receptors and cAMP.

0:21:44 Book: The Edge Effect: Achieve Total Health and Longevity with the Balanced Brain Advantage by Eric R. Braverman.

0:22:15 L-Alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC).

0:22:18 Choline.

0:22:22 ONNIT Alpha Brain.

0:22:28 Bulletproof Choline Force.

0:23:35 Dopamine Brain Food and Serotonin Brain Food.

0:26:19 CILTEP (use the discount code CILTEPNBT).

0:28:17 Grand master of memory Mattias Ribbing.

0:40:14 NAC podcast.

"Gary Taubes is in the building!" exclaimed Foodloose host Dr. Maryanne Demasi. Gary was scheduled to arrive at Iceland's international airport the morning of the conference, and he'd already missed his keynote slot. British cardiologist Dr. Aseem Malhotra had assumed Gary's position, and I'd started to wonder if the rest of the speakers would be advanced in the same way. Fortunately, that was not to be the case, and Gary delivered an impressive display of public speaking of the likes I've not seen before. The man barely looked down once during the entire presentation and spoke with extraordinary fluency. The Harpa concert hall that hosted the event was even more impressive than Gary's public speaking, the island even more impressive still.

• Dorrit Moussaieff, patron and First Lady of Iceland.
• Dr. Aseem Malhotra, British Cardiologist.
• Gary Taubes, author: Good Calories, Bad Calories.
• Dr. Axel Sigurdsson, Icelandic Cardiologist.
• Professor Tim Noakes, South African emeritus professor of exercise science.
• Denise Minger, author: Death by Food Pyramid.
• Dr. Tommy Wood, research scientist and NBT Chief Medical Officer.

The day after the conference, I had the chance to sit down with Tommy and discuss what was presented at the first ever Icelandic Health Symposium event.

We loved our time on the island and can't wait to return next year.

0:00:42 Dr. Guðmundur Jóhannsson on this podcast.

0:02:08 Dr. Aseem Malhotra.

0:02:40 Aseem on the BBC News.

0:03:19 Action on Sugar.

0:03:23 Run on Fat movie.

0:09:40 Lilly Nichols on the Paleo Baby podcast.

0:19:20 Book: The Big Fat Surprise.

0:21:59 About Kevin Hall's study on this podcast.

0:22:40 Dr. Axel Sigurdsson.

0:29:07 Prof. Tim Noakes.

0:33:19 Book: Super Food for Superchildren.

0:39:44 Denise Minger: Carbosis.

0:41:22 Swank Foundation for MS.

0:41:24 Lester M. Morrison, MD.

0:41:58 Rice Diet.

0:48:56 Dean Ornish.

0:48:59 Michael Gregor's nutritionfacts.org

0:51:04 Rich Roll.

0:51:05 Ray Cronise.

1:00:19 Bryan Walsh social isolation podcast.

1:02:39 Chris Masterjohn melanopsin podcast.

1:10:19 Book: The Blue Zones.

Catherine Crofts is a New Zealand community-based clinical pharmacist who firmly believes in using the lowest dose of the least number of medications to treat disease. After 17 years of practice, she feels more like a "disease management specialist" than a health professional.

Together with Caryn Zinn, Mark Wheldon, and Grant Schofield, Catherine is the author of Hyperinsulinemia: A unifying theory of chronic disease?

Catherine blogs at Lifestyle Before Medication.

Catherine will soon be known as Dr. Crofts after successfully defending her Ph.D. thesis where she analysed the oral glucose and insulin tolerance data of Dr. Joseph Kraft. Catherine will talk more about that work and why fasting insulin is a useless biomarker in the upcoming Keto Summit, in this interview we focus on the role of insulin resistance in dementia.

0:00:42 Professor Grant Schofield and Dr. Caryn Zinn.

0:00:47 Dr. Joseph Kraft from Chicago. Book: Diabetes Epidemic & You.

0:02:37 Schizophrenia and bipolar disease.

0:03:41 Type 3 diabetes.

0:03:45 Alzheimer's dementia is very, very much a disease of diabetes and insulin and glucose.

0:04:00 Protein tangles within the brain.

0:04:03 Vascular dementia which is associated with the blood vessels.

0:04:25 Lewy body dementia which is another type of protein deposit.

0:04:32 Amyloid plaques.

0:04:42 Most people with dementia will have a mixed dementia.

0:04:53 CT scan of the brain.

0:06:04 Substantia nigra and movement problems.

0:06:13 Frontotemporal system system

0:07:11 Dr. Kirk Parsley talked about Professor Robert Sapolsky.

0:10:44 The Whitehall Study showed some people noticing cognitive changes starting at age 48.

0:12:15 Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene.

0:12:21 Neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

0:12:28 Tau protein.

0:13:22 Large and small clumps of beta-amyloid might be protective.

0:13:51 Synaptic plasticity and PSA-NCAM

0:14:46 Type 2 diabetes is one of the biggest risk factors for Alzheimer's.

0:16:05 Insulin prevents a process called fibrinolysis.

0:17:30 GLUT1.

0:24:13 Glutamate can be a little bit toxic to the brain.

0:24:46 GABA is a calming neurotransmitter.

0:27:22 A ketogenic diet for dementia.

0:41:50 Keto Summit.

I couldn't help laughing when former UFC fighter Kyle Kingsbury described the trouble he was having deadlifting 525 lb when 495 came so easily. 180 is a problem for me! The ketogenic diet has removed Kyle's "low gear", but the sacrifice is worth it because, in the ketogenic state, Kyle enjoys an enormous cognitive benefit and less systemic inflammation. Having suffered two orbital fractures that ultimately lead to his retirement, I wonder if Kyle is an example of how ketosis can help with traumatic brain injury.

Do not supplement with raw potato starch!

Kyle and his wife are yet further examples of people that didn't do well supplementing with raw potato starch. Kyle noticed changes in his immune system that lead to an increase in sickness, and his wife Natasha gained body fat. Both were able to resolve those issues following Grace Liu's plan that included psyllium, acacia, and inulin-FOS together with a bifidobacteria probiotic.

0:01:06 Kyle is 6'3.5", 235lb 20" neck!

0:02:20 He won his first two fights in under 30 seconds.

0:04:35 American Kickboxing Academy in San Jose: heavyweight champ Cain Velasquez, current middleweight champion Luke Rockhold, and current light heavyweight champion Dana Cormier.

0:06:27 Muay Thai.

0:07:15 Brazilian jiu-jitsu.

0:08:24 Book: Easy Strength: How to Get a Lot Stronger Than Your Competition-And Dominate in Your Sport.

0:08:40 Book: Primal Endurance: Escape chronic cardio and carbohydrate dependency and become a fat burning beast!

0:09:45 Podcast: Elite Spartan racer Elijah Wood.

0:10:16 Kyle has a one year old boy called Bear.

0:10:30 Carb backloading.

0:10:53 When Kyle deadlifts 495, reaching 525 shouldn't be a problem, but it is on a ketogenic diet.

0:12:07 Ben Greenfield.

0:14:07 Keto has helped with sleep deprivation and shift work.

0:14:39 Podcast: Dominic D'Agostino on Tim Ferriss's show.

0:15:25 Podcast: Kirk Parsley on sleep.

0:15:32 Keto Summit.

0:19:04 Grace Liu.

0:19:30 uBiome app.

0:20:51 Potato starch debacle.

0:22:28 Bionic fibre.

0:22:38 Bifidomax probiotic.

0:26:04 Podcast: organic acids.

0:29:05 Podcast: Endurance Planet.

0:29:50 Book: The Better Baby Book: How to Have a Healthier, Smarter, Happier Baby.

0:31:08 Supplement: carnitine.

0:31:12 Podcast: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC).

0:34:12 The Origin (and future) of the Ketogenic Diet on Robb Wolf's site.

0:39:41 Book: Becoming a Supple Leopard 2nd Edition: The Ultimate Guide to Resolving Pain, Preventing Injury, and Optimizing Athletic Performance.

0:40:20 Podcast: Brad Dieter, Ph.D.

0:42:22 Ultra Adventures 50k run.

0:45:16 Podcast: Joe Rogan Experience #756 - Kyle Kingsbury.

0:46:52 Book: Feed Zone Portables: A Cookbook of On-the-Go Food for Athletes.

0:52:05 Paul Chek: "Sooner or later your health will be your number one concern."

0:53:01 @Kingsbu on Twitter and Instagram.

0:53:08 Podcast: Mom's Garage (not released yet).

Imagine your name is Bob. You're 47 years old, you have a beautiful wife, two wonderful kids, a lovely dog and a career you enjoy. Life is great is except for the nagging pain in your right pinky finger. It started as a minor irritation but now has gotten to the point where it's affecting your work and your sleep. As you lay tossing and turning one night, all you can think about is the pain. Then suddenly you decide it's time to get up and take action. You kiss your wife and sneak out the bedroom. The dog is confused and follows you downstairs and into the kitchen. You open up the lid of your laptop and open a new browser window. Google appears.

What are you going to search for?

Doctor [Your Name Here] Ultrawellness?

Optimal Health Nutrition Coach?

Of course not. You're going to search for "right pinky finger pain" or some variation of those words.

So why is then that so many practitioners, good ones, create websites that are all about themselves?

You know the site I mean. The one with the picture of the practitioner on the front page, possibly wearing a white lab coat and a stethoscope around their neck. There's a list of credentials and a longer list of health complaints the practitioner "specialises" in. The list includes virtually every condition known to man. Think about Bob reading that page. Is he going to be excited? Now imagine Bob's delight as he discovers your series of articles talking about the most common root causes of right pinky finger pain and what you can do about them. Bob is so delighted with what he's found that he wants to wake his wife to share the good news. "Finally! Someone that understands me" is what Bob is thinking.

Being specific about who we're talking to is something we've done by accident at Nourish Balance Thrive. I'm a master's athlete whose health fell apart in pursuit of the upgrade to pro mountain biker racer. Not everyone we work with is a mountain biker, but everyone is an athlete (even if they won't admit it).

Starting a new health coaching business is about more than being a great practitioner.

Of course, you must be qualified to help people, but if you're not specific with your marketing, you'll end up helping nobody. You only have to walk down the street anywhere in the US to recognise how many people need help with their diet and lifestyle, but did you know that 50% of naturopaths never see a patient? 60% of acupuncturists go back to a previous career after less than three years of work? And yet at the same time, as of last year, there were three billion people online, and we know that there's another three billion people that are coming in the next five years or so depending on what study you read. There is no shortage of people that need your help.

This is but one of the many lessons I've learned as a result of completing the Practitioner Liberation Project. Listen to this interview with gut health guru and marketing conversion expert Jordan Reasoner to discover some of the others.

Click here to sign up for Jordan's webinar.

0:02:12 Jordan's story.

0:03:44 Book: Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health Through Diet.

0:04:48 Jordan had a parasite called Strongyloides stercoralis and took a medicine called Ivermectin.

0:05:37 SCD Lifestyle will become healthygut.com

0:05:56 Their list now has 250,000 members.

0:08:14 We both did the Kalish Mentorship.

0:08:33 One email, Jordan and Steve were booked out for a month, 600 clients in the next year.

0:09:32 The gut wizard: Brie Wieselman, L.Ac.

0:13:44 50% of naturopaths never see a patient

0:13:49 60% of acupuncturists go back to a previous career within three years.

0:25:41 1.5M people in the US alone with Rheumatoid arthritis.

0:26:14 1.7B people on Facebook.

0:29:53 Start with the thing that you're passionate about.

0:32:38 Ask yourself who you want to work with.

0:38:10 500 practitioners in the PLP.

0:45:57 WeScribeIt.

0:46:47 The Essential Keto Cookbook.

0:49:33 Business supports systems.

The Information Age brought with it's ugly stepsister named Confusion. Never was this more true than for the information and misinformation surrounding vitamin D, sunscreen, and cancer.

Not getting burned makes intuitive sense, but will slathering on the sunscreen cause vitamin D deficiency?

Could vitamin D deficiency be causing the cancer that the sunscreen is supposed to be protecting against?

How much of a concern is skin cancer anyway?

Do we need to worry about toxic chemicals in sunscreen?

What type of sunscreen is best?

Join Dr. Tommy Wood and me in this podcast interview for everything you need to know about to protect your skin in the performance and longevity.

Also check out our article: Optimizing Vitamin D for Athletic Performance.

When Tommy and I recorded this podcast I was using the Badger brand suntan cream, since then I've switch to using Rocket Pure.

0:04:19 What is vitamin D (25-OH-D)?

0:05:37 Made using UVB radiation from the sun.

0:06:18 The standard reference ranges for blood levels of 25-OH-D are controversial.

0:07:49 Vitamin D affects calcium absorption, vitamin K2 controls where that calcium goes.

0:09:25 No sunscreen provides 100% block.

0:09:51 UVA is the type of radiation we'd like to avoid.

0:11:16 In studies, the use of sunscreen didn't reduce blood 25-OH-D levels.

0:11:59 Real-world application of sunscreen is less than in studies.

0:12:50 You need need a lot less light to make vitamin D than you do to burn.

0:13:20 Do not get burned!

0:13:34 Don't avoid sunlight either!

0:14:08 Childhood exposure to burning increases risk over a lifetime.

0:15:45 Three types of skin cancer.

0:16:50 Melanoma is the worst.

0:18:14 Risk is dependant on skin type and exposure.

0:20:15 We're now indoors all the time, then we go on holiday for 2 weeks.

0:21:06 Dark skin people living far from the equator are at risk of vitamin D deficiency.

0:22:08 Endogenous vitamin D synthesis is rate-limited, taking a supplement is not.

0:23:31 25-OH-D deficiency is associated with autoimmunity, but the supplement doesn't fix the disease.

0:24:14 There may be something special about sun exposure.

0:26:12 The SPF system is flawed.

0:28:19 Buy factor 20 and re-apply.

0:29:58 Chemicals in suntan cream.

0:31:39 Endocrine disrupters.

0:32:22 Beware rodent models with unrealistic dosing.

0:33:04 Zinc or titanium dioxide are probably best.

0:35:09 The UK love their fragrances.

0:36:37 The skin microbiome.

0:38:04 Can the zinc and titanium become systemic?

0:38:58 Titanium is not inert.

0:41:06 Very small amounts are absorbed and we probably don't need to worry about it.

0:41:44 Again, some flawed rodent models out there.

I asked David Aiello, President BioAdvantex Pharma Inc.: of all the molecules, why study and productise N-acetylcysteine?

"That makes me think of another question, why did you marry that woman? You become fascinated with something, and your mind sees forward. I saw this as a huge business and scientific project with such a broad scope to help people. We didn't even understand the scope way back then."

Paracetamol-induced acute liver failure.

In the US and UK, paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure. When taken in normal therapeutic doses, paracetamol is safe.

The cytochrome P450 enzymes convert approximately 5% of paracetamol to a highly reactive intermediary metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). Under normal conditions, NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione. In cases of overdose, the pathways become saturated, leading to more NAPQI. Liver supplies of glutathione become depleted, and NAPQI remains in its toxic form in the liver, reacting with cellular membrane molecules, resulting in widespread damage and death of liver cells.

Beyond Paracetamol Overdose.

Paracetamol is not the only thing that can cause oxidative stress and cell death. Inflammation and oxidative stress are almost synonymous, and we measure both in the testing we do. Urinary P-Hydroxyphenyllactate on an organic acids test is a marker of cell turnover, and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a marker of oxidative damage to the guanine of DNA.

Enter N-acetylcysteine.

The availability of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine is known to be the rate-limiting substrate for glutathione resynthesis. L-cysteine is not safe to take as a supplement in high doses, what you want is the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) form. NAC doesn't encapsulate well because the minimum effective dose is too big to fit into a capsule, and even if it did fit, the molecule would oxidise and fall apart. David's team at BioAdvantex have solved these problems by creating PharmaNAC, a large effervescent tablet sealed into a nitrogen filled blister pack.

It's important to understand that exercise is itself an antioxidant and athletes should proceed with caution before supplementing with antioxidants without testing. Context matters.

0:00:35 David was trained in immunology at the Stanford Herzenberg Lab.

0:01:03 He wanted to create a product that was relevant, made the right way and given at the right dose.

0:01:34 BioAdvantex have done 12 or 13 clinical trials in breathing, immunity, oxidative stress and mental health.

0:02:46 NAC is the standard of care of acetaminophen toxicity.

0:03:19 80,000 people every year are affected.

0:03:54 NAPQI.

0:04:13 Making glutathione requires glycine, glutamate and cysteine.

0:04:28 Almost every protein is less than 2% cysteine by weight.

0:05:56 You don't want L-cysteine.

0:07:30 NAC is easily oxidised.

0:08:55 Hydrogen sulfide is one of the degradation products of NAC.

0:09:20 Humans can detect H2S at 6 ppb.

0:09:31 There are 7 other degradation pathways.

0:11:43 NAC placebo pills.

0:13:42 Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: a randomized controlled trial.

0:15:51 Taking NAC is NOT like pouring water on the fire.

0:18:56 There's about a three-hour gap between when you take cysteine, and when it shows up in your blood, then there's about another three-hour gap until an increase in glutathione.

0:20:07 The liver is main store of cysteine, and also there's cysteinylglycine in the blood.

0:28:30 Logging food and supplement intake.

0:29:05 Grace Liu.

0:29:10 GAD1 mutation.

0:29:47 The cystine-glutamate antiporter (xCT).

0:35:18 Depression, ruminations and PTSD.