In order to diagnose a Myocardial Infarction (or MI), we will obtain a 12-lead EKG. This that indicate ischemia or infarction are Q-waves, U-waves, and ST elevation or depression.  When we look at a 12-lead, the leads in which we … Continued

When interpreting basic EKG rhythms, there are 5 initial steps to use.   First – is the rhythm regular or irregular – are the complexes evenly spaced? Second – What is the rate? To determine rate on a 6-second strip, … Continued

When discussing hemodynamics, we’re referring to the various pressures, volumes, and rate within the heart. Understanding these allows us to anticipate the patient’s needs and treat them appropriately. As you may remember, Cardiac Output is the total volume of blood … Continued

Let’s talk EKG basics. This is the basic component of an EKG. We have the P-wave which signifies atrial depolarization (or contraction), then we have the QRS complex which signifies ventricular depolarization. That is immediately followed by the T-wave which … Continued

In addition to the three main classes of anti-hypertensives we already discussed, ACE Inhibitors like Lisinopril and Captopril, Beta Blockers like Metoprolol and Propranolol, and Calcium Channel Blockers like Nicardipine and Diltiazem, there are a number of other classes of medications we can anticipate when caring for a cardiac patient. These include Anticoagulants like Heparin, […]

Let’s talk Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive medications.  A normal BP is defined as a systolic pressure of less than 120 over a diastolic pressure of less than 80.  If the blood pressure ranges from 120-139 over 80-90, the patient is considered to be pre-hypertensive. Stage 1 hypertension is classified by a pressure of 140-159 over […]

Understanding the blood flow through the heart is foundational to understanding cardiac pathophysiology.  Blood returning from the body enters the heart through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae and spills into the Right Atrium. From the Right Atrium blood is … Continued

Let’s talk about 5-Lead EKG placement and Auscultation of Heart Sounds. There are 5 electrocardiogram leads we use traditionally to get tracings of the heart for telemetry and cardiac monitoring. Many times, your leads may actually have letters on them telling you where to place them. For example, RA for Right Arm, LL for Left […]

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