Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) was initiated by the World Health Organization (WHO) following the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978. It was promoted as a strategy to improve access to rehabilitation services for people with disabilities in low-income and middle-income countries, by making optimum use of local resources. Over the past 30 years through collaboration with other UN organizations, nongovernmental organizations and disabled people’s organizations, CBR has evolved into a multisectoral strategy to address the broader needs of people with disabilities, ensuring their participation and inclusion in society and enhancing their quality of life. The past five years has seen CBR stakeholders work collaboratively to produce these CBR guidelines, which build upon key recommendations made in 2003 at the International Consultation to Review Community-based Rehabilitation in Helsinki, and in 2004 in the International Labour Organization (ILO)/United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)/WHO joint position paper on CBR. The guidelines promote CBR as a strategy which can contribute to implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and of disability inclusive national legislation, and which can support community-based inclusive development. The guidelines provide CBR managers, among others, with practical suggestions on how to develop or strengthen CBR programmes and ensure that people with disabilities and their family members are able to access the benefits of the health, education, livelihood and social sectors. The guidelines have a strong focus on empowerment through facilitation of the inclusion and participation of disabled people, their family members, and communities in all development and decision-making processes. The guidelines also encourage CBR programmes to be evaluated and further research to be carried out on the effectiveness and efficiency of CBR in diverse contexts.