Evaluation and treatment of intermittent and constant exotropia and related exodeviations.

Classification, diagnosis, and management of accommodative and nonaccommodative esotropias.

Systematic evaluation of ocular misalignment, abnormal head posture, and pediatric motility disorders.

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, and evidence-based treatment of amblyopia.

Development of binocular vision, stereopsis, suppression, anomalous retinal correspondence, and sensory adaptations to strabismus.

Fundamental principles of ocular motility, binocular alignment, vergence, and normal eye movement physiology.

Review of extraocular muscle anatomy, innervation, vascular supply, and surgical anatomy relevant to pediatric ophthalmology.

Comprehensive approach to the pediatric eye examination including age-appropriate techniques, visual assessment, and common examination challenges.

Covers metastatic disease and hematologic malignancies involving the eye and orbit. Emphasizes clinical presentation, pathologic diagnosis, systemic associations, and multidisciplinary management.

Comprehensive review of retinoblastoma, including genetics, histopathology, patterns of spread, prognostic features, and current approaches to diagnosis and management.