Current surgical strategies for presbyopia correction using corneal, lenticular, and intraocular approaches.

Phakic IOLs, refractive lens exchange, and intraocular options for correction of refractive error.

Postoperative evaluation, enhancement planning, and long-term management after refractive surgery.

Special considerations for refractive surgery in patients with ocular pathology or systemic disease.

Principles, indications, outcomes, and complications of SMILE and related lenticule extraction procedures.

Recognition, prevention, and management of complications after corneal laser refractive surgery.

Excimer laser refractive procedures with emphasis on surgical technique, outcomes, and patient expectations.

Principles, indications, techniques, and outcomes of incisional procedures for refractive correction.

Preoperative assessment including refraction, topography, tomography, ocular surface evaluation, and patient selection.

Fundamental optical principles, corneal biomechanics, wound healing, and the scientific basis of refractive surgery.