Congenital and acquired disorders of the lacrimal drainage system including nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Evaluation and management of congenital, inflammatory, vascular, infectious, and neoplastic orbital disease in children.

Congenital and acquired pediatric eyelid disorders including ptosis, eyelid malposition, and eyelid lesions.

Evaluation of infants with reduced vision including congenital, neurologic, retinal, and media opacity causes.

Normal embryologic growth and ocular development from infancy through childhood.

Principles of strabismus surgery including indications, techniques, adjustable sutures, and postoperative management.

Classification, diagnostic evaluation, and management of infantile and acquired pediatric nystagmus.

Diagnosis and management of complex ocular motility disorders including Duane syndrome, Brown syndrome, congenital fibrosis syndromes, and cranial dysinnervation disorders.

Approach to hypertropias, hypotropias, dissociated vertical deviation, and vertical strabismus.

Recognition and management of A-pattern, V-pattern, alphabet patterns, and associated oblique muscle dysfunction.