Oesopharyngeal cancer, encompassing esophageal and oropharyngeal cancers, is a serious condition with potentially fatal consequences if left untreated. Early detection through screening, lifestyle changes, and managing risk factors can improve outcomes. Treatment involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and newer therapies like immunotherapy, tailored to the stage and type of cancer.

Gut dysbiosis refers to an imbalance in the gut microbiome, where harmful bacteria outnumber beneficial ones, leading to disrupted gut health. This imbalance can contribute to various diseases, including cancer. The gut microbiome influences inflammation, immune responses, and metabolic functions, all of which play crucial roles in cancer development and progression.