Oncotarget

Listen to a blog summary of an editorial perspective published in Volume 13, entitled, "The future of bioorthogonal-chemistry for targeting of exosomes in precision medicine."

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Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vehicles released by cells into the extracellular environment. There are three known types of extracellular vesicles: microvesicles, apoptotic bodies and exosomes. Discovered in 1983, exosomes can be defined as packets of bio-nanoparticles released by cells containing bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Exosomes can deliver their payload to other cells and are now also recognized for their role in cell-to-cell communication. This makes exosomes attractive targets for precision medicine tactics. However, targeting exosomes is challenging due to their nano-size and reactive contents. Bioorthogonal-chemistry may provide a new approach for targeting exosomes in precision medicine.

“Bioorthogonal is the name of a chemical reaction that can occur inside of living cells without interfering the naïve biological process [1, 2].”

Bioorthogonal-chemistry allows for the attachment of bioactive molecules to the surface of exosomes without disturbing the native environment. Developed in the early 2000s, this strategy could potentially be used to deliver therapeutic drugs or bioactive molecules directly to the target site with high precision. Bioorthogonal-chemistry is still at an early stage of development, but it holds promise in precision medicine for the treatment of cancer and other illnesses. By providing a way to target exosomes with bioactive molecules, bioorthogonal-chemistry could help to significantly improve the efficacy of medical treatments. It could also reduce the side effects of current treatments and increase safety for patients.

“The concept of bioorthogonal chemistry has inspired a generation of biologists to think about RNA editing and bioengineering of exosomes [3, 4].”

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/12/20/a-new-method-of-targeting-exosomes-in-precision-medicine/

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28323

Correspondence to - Mujib Ullah - [email protected]

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed. On September 15, 2022, Oncotarget was accepted again for indexing by MEDLINE. Oncotarget is now indexed by Medline/PubMed and PMC/PubMed.

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Dr. Kerri Winters-Stone and Dr. Jacob Raber from Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, describe a recent research paper they co-authored that was published by Oncotarget in Volume 13, entitled, “Association of fall rate and functional status by APOE genotype in cancer survivors after exercise intervention.”

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28310

Correspondence to - Jacob Raber - [email protected]

Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQK7MK7qfWY

Abstract

Purpose/Objectives: Cancer treatment survivors often report impaired functioning and increased falls. Not all survivors experience the same symptom burden, suggesting individual susceptibilities. APOE genotype is a potential genetic risk factor for cancer treatment related side effects. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity can mitigate the effect of APOE genotype on measures of clinical interest in individuals without a history of cancer. We tested the hypothesis that APOE genotype influences cancer treatment related side effects and symptoms as well as response to exercise intervention.

Materials and Methods: Data from a subsample of a study of fall prevention exercise in post-treatment female cancer survivors aged 50–75 years old (https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01635413) were used to conduct a secondary data analysis. ApoE genotype was determined by serum sampling. Physical functioning, frequency of falls, and symptom burden were assessed using survey instruments.

Results: Data from 126 female cancer survivors a median of 49 months out from cancer diagnosis were analyzed. ApoE4 carriers trended toward a higher fall rate at baseline (p = 0.059), but after exercise intervention had a fall rate lower than E4 non-carriers both immediately after structured intervention (p = 0.013) and after 6 months of follow up (p = 0.002). E2 carriers did not show improved measures of depressive symptoms and self-report disability after exercise intervention. E3 homozygotes showed increased self report physical activity after the 6 month exercise intervention, but E4 and E2 carriers did not.

Conclusions: APOE genotype may modulate cancer treatment related side effects and symptoms and response to exercise intervention.

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Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/oncotarget-association-of-fall-rate-and-functional-status-by-apoe-genotype-in-cancer-survivors-after-exercise-intervention/

Keywords - apoE, breast cancer, exercise intervention, fall rate, functional status

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed. On September 15, 2022, Oncotarget was accepted again for indexing by MEDLINE. Oncotarget is now indexed by Medline/PubMed and PMC/PubMed.

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Listen to a blog summary of a trending research paper published in Volume 13, entitled, “Plasma growth hormone is a potential biomarker of response to atezolizumab and bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.”

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive cancer of the liver with a very poor prognosis; many patients pass away within a year of diagnosis. Currently, there is no effective screening method for HCC and thus, 80% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. This makes treatment difficult and often unsuccessful. As a result, new treatments for HCC are constantly being explored.

Atezolizumab and bevacizumab are two standard therapies used to treat unresectable, advanced HCC. However, researchers Yehia I. Mohamed, Dan G. Duda, Muhammad O. Awiwi, Sunyoung S. Lee, Lina Altameemi, Lianchun Xiao, Jeffrey S. Morris, Robert A. Wolff, Khaled M. Elsayes, Rikita I. Hatia, Aliya Qayyum, Shadi M. Chamseddine, Asif Rashid, James C. Yao, Armeen Mahvash, Manal M. Hassan, Hesham M. Amin, and Ahmed Omar Kaseb from MD Anderson Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Michigan State University, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine noticed a significant gap in research on biomarkers of response in advanced HCC patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. The team conducted a new study aimed at beginning to close this gap. On December 6, 2022, their research paper was published in Oncotarget’s Volume 13, entitled, “Plasma growth hormone is a potential biomarker of response to atezolizumab and bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.”

“This study investigated the biomarker value of plasma growth hormone (GH) level as a potential biomarker to predict outcome in unresectable HCC patients treated with current standard therapy, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo/Bev).”

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/12/08/plasma-growth-hormone-in-hcc-a-biomarker-of-response-to-atezo-bev/

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28322

Correspondence to - Ahmed Omar Kaseb - [email protected]

Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2_6kjhwOfM

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Keywords - growth hormone, hepatocellular carcinoma, immunotherapy, atezolizumab, bevacizumab

About Oncotarget

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form, and then quickly released to Pubmed. On September 15, 2022, Oncotarget was accepted again for indexing by MEDLINE. Oncotarget is now indexed by Medline/PubMed and PMC/PubMed.

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A new research paper was published in Oncotarget's Volume 13 on December 6, 2022, entitled, “Expression of p-STAT3 and c-Myc correlates with P2-HNF4α expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).”

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the metabolic syndrome and is rapidly becoming one of the major causes of hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although some cases of HCC have developed in non-cirrhotic livers [1–8]. Although the percentage of patients with NAFLD who ultimately progress to fibrosis and later to HCC is relatively small, the number is significant because of the sheer number of patients who have NAFLD. Because there are no reliable biomarkers to predict the risk of HCC in patients with NAFLD, designing effective and cost-effective surveillance programs aimed at prevention and early detection of HCC is difficult, if not impossible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify such biomarkers and especially those that may appear at different stages of progression toward HCC.

In the current study, researchers Mamoun Younes, Lin Zhang, Baharan Fekry, and Kristin Eckel-Mahan from George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences and McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UTHealth) studied the expression of two hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) isoforms, p-STAT3. and c-Myc in 49 consecutive liver biopsies with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using immunohistochemistry.

“The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between p-STAT3, c-Myc and P2-HNF4α expression in biopsies from livers with NAFLD as potential biomarkers of HCC risk.”

All 49 biopsies (100%) were positive for nuclear expression of P1-HNF4α. Twenty-eight (57%) cases were positive for P2-HNF4α, 6 (12%) were positive for p-STAT3 and 5 (10%) were positive for c-Myc. All 6 (100%) p-STAT3-positive cases were also positive for P2-HNF4α (p = 0.03). p-STAT3-positive cases were more likely to be positive for c-Myc (67% vs. 2%, p = 0.0003).

Four cases were positive for P2-HNF4α, p-STAT3 and c-Myc. p-STAT3 expression was associated with hypertension (p = 0.037). All c-Myc positive biopsies were from patients with obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Only c-Myc expression was associated with advanced fibrosis; three (60%) of the c-Myc positive cases were associated with advanced fibrosis in contrast to 7 (10%) of the 44 c-Myc negative cases (p = 0.011).

“Based on these results, we hypothesize with the following sequence of events with progression of NAFLD: P2-HNF4α expression is followed by expression of p-STAT3 which in turn is followed by the expression of c-Myc. Additional larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28324

Correspondence to: Mamoun Younes - [email protected]

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVR29K6P5I4

Keywords: hepatocyte nuclear factor four alpha, steatohepatitis, immunohistochemistry, hepatocellular carcinoma, isoform

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A new research paper was published in Oncotarget's Volume 13 on November 22, 2022, entitled, “Essential amino acids as diagnostic biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma based on metabolic analysis.”

Metabolomics, defined as the comprehensive identification of all small metabolites in a biological sample, has the power to shed light on phenotypic changes associated with various diseases, including cancer.

In the current study, researchers Yuji Morine, Tohru Utsunomiya, Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura, Yu Saito, Shinichiro Yamada, Tetsuya Ikemoto, Satoru Imura, Shohei Kinoshita, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Yasuhito Tanaka, and Mitsuo Shimada from Tokushima University Graduate School, Keio University and Kumamoto University used metabolomics to discover potential biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The team investigated the metabolomes of tumor and non-tumor tissue in 20 patients with primary HCC using capillary electrophoresis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. They also analyzed blood samples taken immediately before and 14 days after hepatectomy to identify associated changes in the serum metabolome.

“In the present study, we sought to discover reliable metabolomic biomarkers for HCC diagnosis by elucidating metabolic alterations in primary HCC tumor tissue compared with non-tumor tissue, and additionally by investigating the serum metabolomic profiles before and after curative hepatectomy.”

Marked changes were detected in the different quantity of 61 metabolites that could discriminate between HCC tumor and paired non-tumor tissue and additionally between HCC primary tumors and colorectal liver metastases. Among the 30 metabolites significantly upregulated in HCC tumors compared with non-tumor tissues, 10 were amino acids, and 7 were essential amino acids (EAA) (leucine, valine, tryptophan, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, and phenylalanine).

Similarly, the serum metabolomes of HCC patients before hepatectomy revealed a significant increase in 16 metabolites, including leucine, valine, and tryptophan. The results of this study revealed striking differences in the metabolomes of HCC tumor tissue compared with non-tumor tissue, and identified the essential amino acids leucine, valine, and tryptophan as potential metabolic biomarkers for HCC.

“In this study, the major findings were (i) the metabolomic profile of HCC tumors differs not only compared with matched non-tumor liver tissue but also with CRLM tissue, (ii) the serum metabolome of HCC patients is altered by hepatectomy, and (iii) the three EAAs leucine, valine, and tryptophan are candidate metabolomic biomarkers for hepatocarcinogenesis. Notably, however, we found that the metabolic profiles of HCC tumor tissues of differing etiologies (HBV/HCV infection) could not be distinguished, nor could the profiles of non-tumor liver tissue from any of the patient subgroups.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28306

Correspondence to: Yuji Morine - [email protected]

Keywords: metabolomics, essential amino acid, hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnostic biomarker

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A new review was published in Oncotarget’s Volume 13 on November 17, 2022, entitled, “Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Cancer, autoimmune diseases, and more.”

Although cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been recognized as one of the major treatment modalities for malignant diseases, the clinical outcome is not uniform in all cancer patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that possess various strong immunosuppressive activities involving multiple immunocompetent cells that are significantly accumulated in patients who did not respond well to cancer immunotherapies.

In this new review paper, researchers Masahiko Shibata, Kotaro Nanno, Daigo Yoshimori, Takahiro Nakajima, Makoto Takada, Takashi Yazawa, Kousaku Mimura, Norio Inoue, Takafumi Watanabe, Kazunoshin Tachibana, Satoshi Muto, Tomoyuki Momma, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Koji Kono, Shungo Endo, and Seiichi Takenoshita from Fukushima Medical University, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Aizu Oncology Consortium, Nippon Medical School, and Bange Kousei General Hospital reviewed the perspective of MDSCs with emerging evidence.

“Here, we review the following: the phenotypes and origins of MDSCs; the mechanisms of immunosuppression by MDSCs; MDSC functions in the TME; MDSCs in benign disorders and physiology; and consideration of MDSC manipulation in cancer treatment.”

Many studies on MDSCs were performed in malignant diseases. Substantial studies on the participation of MDSCs on non-malignant diseases such as chronic infection and autoimmune diseases, and physiological roles in obesity, aging, pregnancy and neonates have yet to be reported. With the growing understanding of the roles of MDSCs, variable therapeutic strategies and agents targeting MDSCs are being investigated, some of which have been used in clinical trials. More studies are required in order to develop more effective strategies against MDSCs.

ICI therapies have been developed and demonstrated surprising outcomes in many types of cancer. However, the effects of ICIs are not universal or uniformal in all cancer patients, and emerging evidence has indicated that MDSCs are a crucial target to overcome this important issue with a growing understanding of the roles of MDSCs, variable therapeutic strategies and agents targeting MDSCs are under exploration, some of which have been used in clinical trials.

“More studies are required for the development of more effective strategies against MDSCs.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28303

Correspondence to: Masahiko Shibata - [email protected]

Video: https://youtu.be/ZJj6CzcJ6x4

Keywords: MDSC, immunosuppression, Treg, TAM, cancer

About Oncotarget: Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

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A new research perspective was published in Oncotarget's Volume 13 on November 17, 2022, entitled, “Treasures from trash in cancer research.”

Cancer research has significantly improved in recent years, primarily due to next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Consequently, an enormous amount of genomic and transcriptomic data has been generated. In most cases, the data needed for research goals are used, and unwanted reads are discarded. However, these eliminated data contain relevant information. Aiming to test this hypothesis, genomic and transcriptomic data were acquired from public datasets.

In this new research perspective, researchers Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira, Dionison Pereira Sarquis, Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza, Daniel de Souza Avelar, Taíssa Maria Thomaz Araújo, André Salim Khayat, Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos, and Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção from Instituto Metrópole Digital at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia and Instituto de Ciências Biológicas at the Universidade Federal do Pará used metagenomic tools to explore genomic cancer data; additional annotations were used to explore differentially expressed ncRNAs from miRNA experiments, and variants in adjacent to tumor samples from RNA-seq experiments were also investigated.

“Here, we demonstrate potential strategies to benefit from nontargeted information resulting from high-throughput cancer investigations.”

In all analyses, new data were obtained: from DNA-seq data, microbiome taxonomies were characterized with a similar performance of dedicated metagenomic research; from miRNA-seq data, additional differentially expressed sncRNAs were found; and in tumor and adjacent to tumor tissue data, somatic variants were found.

These findings indicate that unexplored data from NGS experiments could help elucidate carcinogenesis and discover putative biomarkers with clinical applications. Further investigations should be considered for experimental design, providing opportunities to optimize data, saving time and resources while granting access to multiple genomic perspectives from the same sample and experimental run.

“Altogether, our results strengthen the hypothesis that abundant additional and potentially useful information can be extracted from NGS. Moreover, the integrated investigation of every available information should provide a broader and more robust interpretation of the molecular scenario from each experiment.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28308

Correspondence to: Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção - [email protected]

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=etqlRWCdhI0

Keywords: cancer metagenomics, cancer sncRNA expression, RNA-Seq variant calling

About Oncotarget:

Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

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A new research paper was published in Oncotarget’s Volume 13 on November 17, 2022, entitled, “Association of fall rate and functional status by APOE genotype in cancer survivors after exercise intervention.”

Cancer treatment survivors often report impaired functioning and increased falls. Not all survivors experience the same symptom burden, suggesting individual susceptibilities. APOE genotype is a potential genetic risk factor for cancer treatment related side effects. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity can mitigate the effect of APOE genotype on measures of clinical interest in individuals without a history of cancer.

In this new study, researchers Gwendolyn J. McGinnis, Sarah Holden, Betty Yu, Charlton Ransom, Carolyn Guidarelli, Brian De, K Diao, David Boyce, Charles R. Thomas Jr., Kerri Winters-Stone, and Jacob Raber from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Oregon Health and Science University and Dartmouth-Hitchcock’s Dartmouth Cancer Center tested the hypothesis that APOE genotype influences cancer treatment related side effects and symptoms as well as response to exercise intervention.

“In the current analyses, the modulating effect of apoE genotype on functional status and symptom burden in response to exercise intervention was investigated in a subsample of trial participants.”

Data from a subsample of a study of fall prevention exercise in post-treatment female cancer survivors aged 50–75 years old (https://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01635413) were used to conduct a secondary data analysis. ApoE genotype was determined by serum sampling. Physical functioning, frequency of falls, and symptom burden were assessed using survey instruments.

Data from 126 female cancer survivors a median of 49 months out from cancer diagnosis were analyzed. ApoE4 carriers trended toward a higher fall rate at baseline (p = 0.059), but after exercise intervention had a fall rate lower than E4 non-carriers both immediately after structured intervention (p = 0.013) and after 6 months of follow up (p = 0.002). E2 carriers did not show improved measures of depressive symptoms and self-report disability after exercise intervention. E3 homozygotes showed increased self report physical activity after the 6 month exercise intervention, but E4 and E2 carriers did not.

“The study findings suggest that APOE genotype may be associated with presence and severity of cancer treatment-related side effects and symptoms and also influence the response to exercise-based interventions in cancer survivors.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28310

Correspondence to: Jacob Raber - [email protected]

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvN9ZDWymz8

Keywords: apoE, breast cancer, exercise intervention, fall rate, functional status

About Oncotarget:

Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

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A new research paper was published in Oncotarget’s Volume 13 on November 17, 2022, entitled, “Mutation analysis performed on tumor biopsies from patients with newly-diagnosed germinal center aggressive B cell lymphomas.”

Comprehensive genomic analyses of tumor biopsies from patients with newly-diagnosed germinal center B cell (GCB) diffuse large B cell/high grade B cell lymphoma (DLBCL/HGBL) have identified molecular subtypes predictive of inferior survival, which are characterized by somatic mutations that can be detected through clinical laboratory mutation analysis (CLMA).

To determine the frequency and predictive value of individual genetic mutations associated with these experimentally-defined poor-risk subgroups, researchers Daniel J. Landsburg, Jennifer J.D. Morrissette, Stephen J. Schuster, Sunita D. Nasta, James N. Gerson, Stefan K. Barta, Jakub Svoboda, Elise A. Chong, and Megan S. Lim from the University of Pennsylvania reviewed the findings from CLMA performed on tumors from patients with newly-diagnosed GCB DLBCL/HGBL who were previously treated at the University of Pennsylvania.

“Thus, we sought to analyze the results of CLMA performed at our institution on tumors from patients with newly-diagnosed GCB DLBCL/HGBL previously-treated with first line immunochemotherapy to determine the frequency and predictive value of the presence of individual genetic mutations associated with these experimentally-defined poor-risk subgroups.”

CLMA was successfully performed on 58/59 patient tumor biopsies with a median turnaround time of 16 days, and 51 on which CLMA was routinely performed with adequate clinical follow-up were analyzed. Patients whose tumors demonstrated CREBBP mutation experienced a lower estimated rate of 2-year disease free survival (DFS) as compared to those whose tumors did not (45% [95% CI 18–68%] vs. 67% [95% CI 44–83%], P = 0.045). The researchers note that CREBBP mutations may be frequent and predict for inferior DFS in patients with newly-diagnosed GCB DLBCL/HGBL. Furthermore, CLMA may be practically-applied to translate experimental findings into those with more direct application to risk stratification and clinical trial design in subsets of patients with DLBCL/HGBL.

“In conclusion, CLMA performed on tumor biopsies from patients with newly-diagnosed GCB DLBCL/HGBL revealed frequent mutations in CREBBP which were predicted to result in loss of function as well as a significantly lower rate of estimated DFS at 2 years.”

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28309

Correspondence to: Daniel J. Landsburg

Email: [email protected]

Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqTQOv8Vufc

Keywords: diffuse large B cell lymphoma, high grade B cell lymphoma, mutation analysis, next generation sequencing, chemotherapy

About Oncotarget: Oncotarget (a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal) aims to maximize research impact through insightful peer-review; eliminate borders between specialties by linking different fields of oncology, cancer research and biomedical sciences; and foster application of basic and clinical science.

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Listen to a blog summary of a research paper published in Volume 13, entitled, "Predictive molecular biomarkers for determining neoadjuvant chemosensitivity in muscle invasive bladder cancer."

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Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a type of cancer treatment involving the administration of chemotherapy drugs before surgery. The goal of NAC is to shrink the tumor(s) in order to make it/them easier to remove during surgery and to decrease the chance of cancer recurrence after treatment. NAC is typically well tolerated by patients and has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with bladder cancer.

Predictive biomarkers are being increasingly used in oncology to identify patients who are likely to respond to chemotherapy. In the past, the decision to administer chemotherapy was based on tumor type and stage. However, it is now understood that there is considerable heterogeneity within these groups, and that not all patients will respond to the same treatment. Predictive biomarkers can help to overcome this challenge by identifying those patients who are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy.

There are a number of different types of predictive biomarkers, which can be divided into two broad categories: tumor biomarkers and host biomarkers. Tumor biomarkers are usually specific to the tumor type and can include markers of cell proliferation and DNA repair. Host biomarkers are usually found in the blood or other bodily fluids and can include markers of inflammation, immune function and metabolism. The use of predictive biomarkers has the potential to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and reduce toxicity by avoiding its use in patients who are unlikely to benefit.

In a new study, researchers Neal Murphy, Andrew J. Shih, Paras Shah, Oksana Yaskiv, Houman Khalili, Anthony Liew, Annette T. Lee, and Xin-Hua Zhu from Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, and Mayo Clinic aimed to develop and validate a predictive biomarker panel for response to NAC in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Their research paper was published on November 2, 2022, in Oncotarget’s Volume 13, entitled, “Predictive molecular biomarkers for determining neoadjuvant chemosensitivity in muscle invasive bladder cancer.”

Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/11/15/biomarkers-may-predict-neoadjuvant-chemosensitivity-in-bladder-cancer/

DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28302

Correspondence to - Neal Murphy - [email protected], Annette T. Lee - [email protected], and Xin-Hua Zhu - [email protected]

Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/index.php?journal=oncotarget&page=news&op=press&item=oncotarget-predictive-molecular-biomarkers-for-determining-neoadjuvant-chemosensitivity-in-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer

Keywords - muscle invasive bladder cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, gene expression, molecular subtyping, canonical correlation analysis

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