Oncotarget

Oncotarget

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Oncotarget episodes

  • Paper Spotlight: Novel Therapeutic Strategies Against Endometrial Cancer
    Listen to a blog summary of a trending research paper published by Oncotarget in Volume 13, entitled, "Role of the prorenin receptor in endometrial cancer cell growth."
    _________________________________
    In the United States and worldwide, the incidence and mortality rates of endometrial cancer among women have been increasing in recent years. While endometrial cancer is highly treatable, the primary treatment is a surgical hysterectomy. Hysterectomies can have serious side effects and painful personal consequences.
    The rise of this gynecological cancer has driven researchers to investigate viable targets and biomarkers for use in endometrial cancer diagnosis, prognosis prediction and alternative therapeutic strategies. In a new study, researchers—from the University of Newcastle, University of Technology Sydney, Monash University, and the University of Melbourne—investigated the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) and its role and interactions in the biology of endometrial cancer. Their trending research paper, published in Oncotarget on April 1, 2022, was entitled, “Role of the prorenin receptor in endometrial cancer cell growth.”
    Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/04/06/novel-therapeutic-strategies-against-endometrial-cancer/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28224
    Correspondence to - Kirsty G. Pringle - [email protected]
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    Keywords - (P)RR; ATP6AP2, endometrial cancer, cellular viability, cellular proliferation
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
    To learn more about Oncotarget, please visit https://www.oncotarget.com and connect with us:
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    8 min
  • Author Insight: Down Syndrome iPSC Model: Endothelial Perspective on Tumor Development
    Mariana Perepitchka, Yekaterina Galat, and Dr. Vasiliy Galat discuss their 2020 research paper published by Oncotarget, entitled, "Down syndrome iPSC model: endothelial perspective on tumor development."
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27712
    Correspondence to - Mariana Perepitchka - [email protected], Yekaterina Galat - [email protected], and Vasiliy Galat - [email protected]
    Abstract
    Trisomy 21 (T21), known as Down syndrome (DS), is a widely studied chromosomal abnormality. Previous studies have shown that DS individuals have a unique cancer profile. While exhibiting low solid tumor prevalence, DS patients are at risk for hematologic cancers, such as acute megakaryocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We speculated that endothelial cells are active players in this clinical background. To this end, we hypothesized that impaired DS endothelial development and functionality, impacted by genome-wide T21 alterations, potentially results in a suboptimal endothelial microenvironment with the capability to prevent solid tumor growth.
    To test this hypothesis, we assessed molecular and phenotypic differences of endothelial cells differentiated from Down syndrome and euploid iPS cells. Microarray, RNA-Seq, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that most significantly expressed genes belong to angiogenic, cytoskeletal rearrangement, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, the majority of these genes are not located on Chromosome 21. To substantiate these findings, we carried out functional assays. The obtained phenotypic results correlated with the molecular data and showed that Down syndrome endothelial cells exhibit decreased proliferation, reduced migration, and a weak TNF-α inflammatory response. Based on this data, we provide a set of genes potentially associated with Down syndrome’s elevated leukemic incidence and its unfavorable solid tumor microenvironment—highlighting the potential use of these genes as therapeutic targets in translational cancer research.
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    Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/down-syndrome-ipsc-model-an-endothelial-perspective-on-tumor-development/
    Keywords - Down syndrome, iPSC-derived endothelial model, T21 genome-wide Implications, meta-analysis, tumor microenvironment
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    7 min
  • Announcement: Impact Journals at AACR Annual Meeting 2022
    BUFFALO, NY-March 22, 2022 – Impact Journals publishes scholarly journals in biomedical sciences with a focus on all areas of cancer and aging research. Impact Journals will be participating as an exhibitor at the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) 2022 annual meeting from April 8-13, 2022, in New Orleans, Louisiana. This year, the AACR conference is entitled, “Decoding Cancer Complexity | Integrating Science | Transforming Patient Outcomes.”
    Oncotarget and Aging (Aging-US) are Impact Journals' two most prominent journals. Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to publishing high-quality, primarily oncology-focused research—in a continuous format within ongoing yearly volumes. Aging is a twice-monthly, traditional, peer-reviewed, open-access journal covering all areas of research on aging, including age-related diseases such as cancer and COVID-19.
    Visit booth No. 2012 at the 2022 AACR annual meeting from April 8-13, 2022, to connect with members of the Impact Journals team.
    To learn more about Impact Journals, visit www.ImpactJournals.com.
    For media requests, please contact [email protected].
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    2 min
  • Trending With Impact: Interrelated Oncogenic Pathways in Osteosarcoma
    Listen to a blog summary of a trending research paper published in Volume 13, entitled, “Correlation of nuclear pIGF-1R/IGF-1R and YAP/TAZ in a tissue microarray with outcomes in osteosarcoma patients.”
    __________________________
    Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fairly uncommon type of bone cancer that primarily develops in the long bones found in the arms and legs. While most osteosarcomas occur in patients between the ages of 10 and 30 years old, half of all osteosarcomas develop in children. Osteosarcoma is a genetically diverse cancer that lacks a consistent targetable mutation—saddling patients and researchers with major challenges when it comes to treatment options.
    “Despite their high mutation burden, OS has proven surprisingly recalcitrant to the numerous immunotherapies that have revolutionized the treatment of other mutation-high cancers.”
    The lack of consistent therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma has driven researchers to investigate the role of oncogenic signaling pathways in this disease. In a trending research paper published in Oncotarget on March 9, 2022, researchers from The University of Texas’ MD Anderson Cancer Center and Rice University evaluated osteosarcoma and two cancer-related signaling pathways: IGF-1/mTOR and YAP/TAZ (the Hippo Pathway). Their paper was entitled, “Correlation of nuclear pIGF-1R/IGF-1R and YAP/TAZ in a tissue microarray with outcomes in osteosarcoma patients.”
    Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/03/24/trending-with-impact-interrelated-oncogenic-pathways-in-osteosarcoma/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28215
    Correspondence to - Joseph A. Ludwig - [email protected], and Antonios G. Mikos - [email protected]
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    Keywords - osteosarcoma, YAP/TAZ, IGF-1R, nuclear IGF-1R, mechanotransduction
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    7 min
  • Trending With Impact: Adjunct Virotherapy Fights Multiple Myeloma
    Listen to a blog summary of a trending research paper published by Oncotarget in Volume 13, entitled, "Transplantation of autologous bone marrow pre-loaded ex vivo with oncolytic myxoma virus is efficacious against drug-resistant Vk*MYC mouse myeloma.“
    ______________________
    Multiple myeloma (MM) is a currently incurable cancer of blood plasma cells. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has had efficacious results among eligible patients. However, even after ASCT, a significant number of patients continue to relapse and become resistant to current standard therapies.
    A promising new method to treat blood cancers is a form of immunotherapy called virotherapy. Oncolytic viruses are uniquely capable of being reprogrammed to selectively infect and kill various cancer cells without infecting or damaging normal cells in host organisms, including mice and humans. Researchers from Arizona State University, Emory University and the Mayo Clinic (in Scottsdale, Arizona) had previously experimented with using the oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) to treat MM. In nature, MYXV only affects rabbits and is innocuous in mice and humans. They found that MYXVs delivered through stem cell transplantation can eliminate some residual MM cells in the Balb/c mouse model.
    “Recently, we reported that ex vivo virotherapy with oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) improved MM-free survival in an autologous-transplant Balb/c mouse model.”
    However, the researchers found that Balb/c mice may not be ideal models for MM. They observed that the behavior of MM in Balb/c mice did not quite reflect the development, clinical manifestation and localization of MM observed in human patients. Therefore, the team conducted a new study of MYXVs in the Vk*MYC transplantable C57BL/6 mouse MM model. Their trending research paper was published in Oncotarget on March 3, 2022, and entitled, “Transplantation of autologous bone marrow pre-loaded ex vivo with oncolytic myxoma virus is efficacious against drug-resistant Vk*MYC mouse myeloma.“
    Full blog post - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/03/17/trending-with-impact-adjunct-virotherapy-fights-multiple-myeloma/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28205
    Correspondence to - Grant McFadden - [email protected]
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    Keywords - myxoma virus, multiple myeloma, combination therapy, autologous transplantation, oncolytic virus
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    9 min
  • Paper Spotlight: Remote Weight Loss Strategy for Breast Cancer Survivors
    Listen to a blog summary of a trending editorial co-authored by researchers Jennifer Y. Sheng and Vered Stearns from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, entitled, "Innovating and expanding weight loss strategies for breast cancer survivors.”
    ___
    After being diagnosed with breast cancer, up to 96% of women have reported gaining weight. Medications, inactivity, food choice, and food quantity can all lead to weight gain. Studies have shown that weight gain can increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence by 40–50% and breast cancer-related mortality by 53–60%. Thus, for women with breast cancer and those who have survived breast cancer, weight management is a potentially life-saving intervention.
    In an editorial paper published by Oncotarget in 2021, researchers Jennifer Y. Sheng and Vered Stearns from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and the Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center discussed the results of the 2020 POWER-Remote Trial—a study among breast cancer survivors on the results of a remote-based weight loss program compared with a self-directed approach. Their editorial paper is entitled, “Innovating and expanding weight loss strategies for breast cancer survivors.”
    THE POWER INTERVENTION
    The Practice-based Opportunities for Weight Reduction (POWER) intervention is a 12-week behavioral weight loss program designed for overweight and obese participants. The POWER program strategy focuses on physical activity and behavioral changes, nutrition education and setting individual goals. Researchers developed the POWER-remote intervention to enable participants to engage in this weight loss program remotely through weekly video conferences and phone calls. In the current editorial paper, the researchers discussed the results from a study that adapted the POWER-remote intervention for breast cancer survivors: the POWER-Remote Trial.
    “The original Practice-based Opportunities for Weight Reduction (POWER) study in obese individuals with a risk for cardiovascular disease demonstrated equivalent weight loss outcomes between in-person coaching and a remote intervention.”
    Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/03/09/a-remote-weight-loss-strategy-for-breast-cancer-survivors/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27898 (PDF Download)
    Full text - https://www.oncotarget.com/article/27898/
    Correspondence to - Jennifer Y. Sheng - [email protected]
    Author interview - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8owrnhxzq7A
    Author testimonial - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cb8GR__ILMo
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    Press release - https://www.oncotarget.com/news/pr/innovating-expanding-weight-loss-strategies-for-breast-cancer-survivors/
    Keywords - breast cancer, obesity, lifestyle interventions
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    7 min
  • Trending With Impact: Are NOTCH1 Variants Prognostic in Breast Cancer?
    The genetic changes that occur within the protein-coding gene NOTCH1 have not yet been fully studied or classified. Despite a lack in research, previous studies have suggested that NOTCH1 may be a potential target for novel cancer therapies, particularly against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). NOTCH1 variants in TNBC tend to cluster in the PEST region and have previously been linked to gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) sensitivity and chemotherapy resistance.
    “Furthermore, TNBC patients with increased Notch1 expression have demonstrated increased aggressive phenotypes and lower median overall survival [25].”
    Since TNBC is well-known for a lack of actionable therapeutic targets, aggressive phenotypes and poor prognoses, there is an important need to develop new targeted therapies—as well as predictive markers for those therapies. Researchers from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center experimented in vitro with NOTCH1 variants and their ability to predict TNBC responsiveness to GSIs and standard of care chemotherapies. Their trending research paper was published by Oncotarget on February 16, 2022, and entitled, “NOTCH1 PEST domain variants are responsive to standard of care treatments despite distinct transformative properties in a breast cancer model.”
    Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/02/24/trending-with-impact-are-notch1-variants-prognostic-in-breast-cancer/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28200
    Correspondence to - Ben Ho Park - [email protected]
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    Keywords - NOTCH1, TNBC, breast cancer, PEST
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    7 min
  • Author Insight: Mitigating Radiation for Space Colonization
    Franco Cortese from the Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK, details a review he co-authored that was published by Oncotarget in Volume 9, Issue 18, entitled, “Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization.”
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.24461
    Correspondence to - Ivan V. Ozerov - [email protected], Morten Scheibye-Knudsen - [email protected], and Alex Zhavoronkov - [email protected]
    Abstract
    While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
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    Keywords - radioresistance, space exploration, longevity, DNA damage, Mars mission
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    11 min
  • Author Insight: Potential Protective Mechanism Against UVB Exposure
    Dr. Dae Joon Kim and Liza Morales from the Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, detail a priority research paper they co-authored that was published by Oncotarget in Volume 8, Issue 53, entitled, “UVB-induced nuclear translocation of TC-PTP by AKT/14-3-3σ axis inhibits keratinocyte survival and proliferation.”
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.21794
    Correspondence to - Dae Joon Kim - [email protected]
    Abstract
    Understanding protein subcellular localization is important to determining the functional role of specific proteins. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) contains bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSI and NLSII) in its C-terminus. We previously have demonstrated that the nuclear form of TC-PTP (TC45) is mainly localized to the cytoplasm in keratinocytes and it is translocated to the nucleus following UVB irradiation. Here, we report that TC45 is translocated by an AKT/14-3-3σ-mediated mechanism in response to UVB exposure, resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased keratinocyte proliferation. We demonstrate that UVB irradiation increased phosphorylation of AKT and induced nuclear translocation of 14-3-3σ and TC45. However, inhibition of AKT blocked nuclear translocation of TC45 and 14-3-3σ. Site-directed mutagenesis of 14-3-3σ binding sites within TC45 showed that a substitution at Threonine 179 (TC45/T179A) effectively blocked UVB-induced nuclear translocation of ectopic TC45 due to the disruption of the direct binding between TC45 and 14-3-3σ. Overexpression of TC45/T179A in keratinocytes resulted in a decrease of UVB-induced apoptosis which corresponded to an increase in nuclear phosphorylated STAT3, and cell proliferation was higher in TC45/T179A-overexpressing keratinocytes compared to control keratinocytes following UVB irradiation. Furthermore, deletion of TC45 NLSII blocked its UVB-induced nuclear translocation, indicating that both T179 and NLSII are required. Taken together, our findings suggest that AKT and 14-3-3σ cooperatively regulate TC45 nuclear translocation in a critical step of an early protective mechanism against UVB exposure that signals the deactivation of STAT3 in order to promote keratinocyte cell death and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation.
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    Keywords - TC-PTP, nuclear translocation, AKT, 14-3-3σ, keratinocytes
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    10 min
  • Trending With Impact: New Pre-Transplant AML Treatment Combinations
    Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the blood that begins in the bone marrow and progresses quickly if left untreated. AML can occur both in adults and children and is often treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Allo-HSCT is a procedure that replaces stem cells that were damaged or destroyed after radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment with stem cells from healthy donors. While allo-HSCT provides a high rate of curability in AML patients, the success of this procedure is partially dependent on the efficacy of pre-transplant treatment regimens. Researchers have identified an urgent need to determine new therapeutic approaches that provide better cytotoxicity in AML cells, without jeopardizing patient safety.
    To improve AML patient outcomes after allo-HSCT, researchers from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and the University of Alberta’s Cross Cancer Institute conducted a new study investigating the combinations of the BCL-inhibitor ABT199/venetoclax with two alkylating agents and a nucleoside analog. Their trending research paper was published by Oncotarget on February 10, 2022, and entitled, “ABT199/venetoclax potentiates the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents and fludarabine in acute myeloid leukemia cells.”
    “One such candidate drug is ABT199/venetoclax, a BH3-mimetic small molecule that binds to and inhibits the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) protein, preferentially causing malignant cells to undergo apoptosis.”
    Full blog - https://www.oncotarget.org/2022/02/17/trending-with-impact-new-pre-transplant-aml-treatment-combinations/
    DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28193
    Correspondence to - Benigno C. Valdez - [email protected]
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    Keywords - ABT199/venetoclax, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, acute myeloid leukemia
    About Oncotarget
    Oncotarget is a peer-reviewed, open access biomedical journal covering research on all aspects of oncology.
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    8 min

About Oncotarget

From the publisher's feed

Oncotarget is a primarily oncology-focused, peer-reviewed, open access journal. Papers are published continuously within yearly volumes in their final and complete form and then quickly released to Pubmed.