What happens when the world's most traded meat faces a potential unprecedented global health crisis? The International Poultry Council's Secretary General Nicolo Cinotti joins hosts Sarah Muirhead and Dennis Erpelding to tackle the complex intersection of avian influenza, international trade, and food security. 

The conversation delves deep into the critical role of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) in establishing science-based standards that enable safe global trade while protecting animal health. Founded in 1924—predating even the World Health Organization—WOAH provides the regulatory framework that underpins international poultry commerce and disease control efforts worldwide.

Vaccination emerges as the most hotly debated topic in global poultry health today. As Cinotti explains, "How, where, when, with what expectation and, above all, in which way the strategy should be implemented is still a set of questions that await univocal answers." This highlights the tension between necessary disease control and maintaining vital food supply chains. The discussion explores how an effective response requires both rigorous prevention through enhanced biosecurity and thoughtful preparedness through scenario planning.

Perhaps most compelling is the call for a fundamental shift in how we approach global health challenges: "Infectious diseases do not recognize border nor political administrations." This reality demands unprecedented cooperation between public and private sectors. The International Poultry Council exemplifies this collaborative approach by working directly with WOAH to develop practical solutions that balance health protection with food security concerns. As climate change and globalization intensify disease pressures, these partnerships will be increasingly essential for protecting both animal welfare and human nutrition worldwide.

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Veterinarians are finding themselves at a fascinating crossroads where animal health meets nutrition science. Dr. Sara Linneen, Beef Technical Consultant with Elanco, dives into this evolving landscape where veterinarians are increasingly becoming trusted advisors on cattle nutrition, especially in cow-calf operations where dedicated nutritionists may be scarce.

The conversation reveals practical approaches to answering common nutritional questions that veterinarians face. Dr. Linneen walks through the step-by-step process of determining cattle nutrient requirements using cooperative extension resources, then calculating actual nutrient delivery by analyzing feed composition and intake. Her mathematical approach transforms complex nutritional concepts into actionable insights that veterinarians can immediately apply.

Perhaps most illuminating is the discussion around selecting the "best" feed or mineral options. Dr. Linneen dispels the myth of a one-size-fits-all solution, emphasizing instead how each operation's unique resources, labor constraints, and production goals must shape recommendations. She provides a framework for evaluating supplements on a pound-per-nutrient basis to ensure true cost-effectiveness. The episode also tackles the often-confusing world of medicated feed labels, offering guidance on finding, interpreting, and applying this critical information correctly.

The data point that 20% of cow-calf operations are consulting veterinarians with nutrition questions underscores the significance of this trend. While encouraging veterinarians to expand their nutritional knowledge, Dr. Lineen advocates for continued collaboration with formally trained nutritionists, creating partnerships that benefit the entire production system. This holistic approach represents the future of cattle care – where health, nutrition, and management converge to enhance efficiency and sustainability across the beef industry.

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The specter of H5N1 virus hangs over U.S. agriculture, but the pork industry isn't waiting to take action. Following a recent detection in pigs on a small Oregon homestead farm, livestock organizations are mobilizing to prepare for potential spread through a collaborative, science-driven approach.

Dr. Heather Fowler and Dr. Marisa Rotolo from the National Pork Board reveal how the industry is developing a comprehensive H5N1 response plan through collaboration. Their work bridges the National Pork Producers Council, Swine Health Information Center, American Association of Swine Veterinarians, and the Meat Institute to create unified protocols that protect both animal and human health.

At the heart of this preparation is the One Health philosophy—a framework recognizing the inseparable connections between human health, animal health, and environmental conditions. As Dr. Fowler explains, "We can't just live in our silos... we have to look at it simultaneously." This approach proves especially relevant for influenza, where transmission can occur between species sharing environments. For producers, this means evaluating biosecurity measures with fresh eyes—repairing bird netting, addressing structural vulnerabilities, and carefully managing movements between facilities. Even with the swine industry's already stringent protocols, experts emphasize that pathogens evolve rapidly, necessitating continuous learning and adaptation.

Whether you're a commercial producer, small farm operator, or concerned consumer, this episode offers clear guidance on preventing disease spread while maintaining a safe food supply. Join us for an illuminating discussion on how agriculture is leading the way in preparing for potential pandemic threats. Want to stay informed about agricultural health issues? Subscribe to One Health Live on your favorite podcast platform.

Avian influenza has transformed from a periodic poultry concern into a persistent global health threat that crosses species barriers with alarming versatility. In this illuminating conversation, veterinary pathologist Dr. David Swayne draws upon his 38 years of experience to reveal how the current H5N1 virus has fundamentally changed since emerging in 1996.

The virus we face today is unlike its predecessors. Where once avian influenza would disappear seasonally, this lineage maintains year-round transmission cycles in wild bird populations before spilling over into poultry and even some mammals. Dr. Swayne walks ONE Health Live hosts Sarah Muirhead and Dennis Erpelding through the science behind these adaptations and explains why the recent jump into U.S. dairy herds represents a concerning new development rather than just another isolated event.

Perhaps most compelling is Dr. Swayne's exploration of how human health outcomes directly improve when we address disease at the animal source. He points to dramatic reductions in human infections following poultry vaccination programs in Asia, demonstrating the tangible benefits of a One Health approach. Yet challenges remain, particularly in establishing effective communication channels between public health authorities, agricultural sectors, and environmental agencies – gaps that became painfully apparent when the virus suddenly emerged in Latin American countries unprepared for cross-sectoral collaboration.

The conversation also tackles complex questions about virus nomenclature, zoonotic risk assessment, and the essential role of international organizations in coordinating global responses. Throughout, Dr. Swayne emphasizes that solving these multifaceted challenges requires breaking down traditional silos between environmental, animal, and human health sectors to develop integrated solutions that protect all species.

Curious about how avian influenza affects your food systems, wildlife conservation efforts, or public health? Subscribe to One Health Live for more expert insights that bridge the gaps between science, policy, and practical solutions to our most pressing health challenges.