Operating Systems is a long-form audio essay examining how the greatest investors think, decide, and act under uncertainty. This episode draws directly from four foundational texts that shaped modern investment thought:

* Market Wizards by Jack Schwager

* Principles by Ray Dalio

* The Intelligent Investor by Benjamin Graham

* The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America, edited by Lawrence Cunningham

Together, these works chart the evolution of rational investing—from the psychology of the trader, to the systemization of the decision-maker, to the moral philosophy of the value investor. The podcast explores what drives them, what disciplines sustain them, and how their approaches converge into a unified theory of decision-making under uncertainty.

We acknowledge with full gratitude and intellectual debt the source material that made this project possible. These texts do not simply inform this episode; they define its boundaries. Every insight presented here is an interpretation built upon the ideas, experiences, and writings of their authors. Our purpose is not to compete with their work, but to understand it, synthesize it, and pass forward the reasoning it contains.

For those who study markets, philosophy, or the limits of human judgment, this is an inquiry into the machinery of thought itself—the systems, principles, and temperaments that separate speculation from discipline, and opinion from understanding.

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