Is selecting embryos to avoid devastating diseases the same thing as eugenics? Jonathan Anomaly of Herasight says no — and the data behind his argument might change your mind.

In this episode of Optimists Make Money, we go inside the world of embryo selection and polygenic risk scoring — the technology letting parents assess real disease risk (schizophrenia, diabetes, certain cancers) in embryos during IVF, before a pregnancy even begins. Jonathan breaks down how large-scale biobank data turns genetic risk into an actionable score, why some countries have banned the practice outright, and why he believes the "designer babies" framing misses the point entirely.

We dig into the taboo head-on: is this eugenics debate rooted in real ethical risk, or in outdated fear of a technology that's already helping families avoid preventable suffering? Jonathan makes the case that minimizing risk of a "devastating disease" isn't a slippery slope to a dystopian future — it's just informed reproductive choice, backed by the same statistical logic doctors already use elsewhere in medicine.

What we cover:

• How polygenic risk scores are calculated from biobank data

• Why embryo selection for disease risk is legal in the US but restricted in the UK

• The eugenics comparison — and where Jonathan thinks it breaks down

• What's next for genetic screening technology in IVF

• The line between disease prevention and trait selection

Could synthetic jet fuel become cheaper than fossil fuel? Syntholene CEO Dan Sutton believes geothermal energy, high-temperature electrolysis and captured carbon could bring that cost crossover within reach.

In this conversation, Sutton explains how Syntholene uses Iceland's geothermal heat, water and electricity to produce high-purity hydrogen—the ingredient in synthetic aviation fuel. He discusses why today's e-fuels and sustainable aviation fuel remain expensive, how solid oxide electrolyzer cells can improve efficiency, and why synthetic hydrocarbons could eventually compete with petroleum without requiring a "green premium."

Dan also shares results from Syntholene's demonstration facility, its first metric ton of hydrogen and the independent testing underway. He outlines the road to commercial production, including securing low-cost geothermal power, captured CO₂, airline customers and industrial partners.

The discussion explores the history of synthetic fuel in World War II, Iceland's energy advantage, partnerships with Icelandair, small modular nuclear reactors, competition with China, government mandates, supply-chain bottlenecks and the future price of flying.

Can cleaner jet fuel win because it is a better, cheaper product? This episode examines the technology, economics and founder bet behind aviation fuel made without drilling for oil.

AstroForge is attempting what no private company has ever done: reach a metal-rich asteroid, mine it for platinum and bring that material back to Earth. If it works, the company could create an entirely new source of critical resources—and potentially launch a new age of human abundance.

In this episode, AstroForge founder and CEO Matt Gialich explains how his 50-person team is building low-cost spacecraft for deep space, what the failure of its Odin mission taught them, and why the company's next mission has one overriding goal: land on an asteroid.

Matt also breaks down the economics behind asteroid mining, including why AstroForge believes it could achieve margins as high as 85%, how abundant platinum could unlock technologies such as affordable hydrogen energy, and why the United States may already be falling behind China in the race to exploit space resources.

We discuss:

• How AstroForge plans to find, reach and mine a metal asteroid

• Why Odin failed—and how the team rebuilt for its next mission

• The economic breakthrough making asteroid mining possible now

• Why a small spacecraft can take risks NASA cannot

• How AstroForge could produce a sub-$5 million interplanetary spacecraft

• The coming competition between the United States and China

• Why manufacturing matters more than spacecraft design

• The case for replacing destructive Earth-based mining

• How abundant platinum could change technology and the global economy

• Matt's unfiltered verdict on Starship, Starlink, the Moon and space data centers

Matt Gialich is the co-founder and CEO of AstroForge, an aerospace company developing the technology required to extract platinum-group metals from asteroids.

#AsteroidMining #AstroForge #SpaceTechnology

Matt Ridley has spent decades studying evolution, innovation, energy, genetics, and the forces that shape human progress. In this conversation, he argues that many of today's biggest debates about AI, energy, biotechnology, and economic growth are missing the bigger picture.

We discuss why AI is more likely to evolve through competition than domination, why America may be entering a new era of physical innovation, how breakthroughs in gene editing and medicine could transform healthcare, and why slowing innovation may be the greatest cost we impose on future generations.

Whether you're interested in AI, startups, energy, biotechnology, or the future of civilization, this conversation from SIC 2026 offers a refreshingly optimistic, evidence-based perspective on what's coming next.

Chapters

00:00 Cold Open 01:05 Is America's Innovation Famine Finally Over? 05:00 Why AI Won't Become One Superintelligence 07:48 Using AI to Defend Against AI 08:10 AI's Massive Energy Demand and the Future of Power 10:50 Nuclear, Fusion, and the Rise of Private Innovation 13:00 Why AI Is Changing the Energy Debate 14:36 The Biotech Revolution Is Here 18:23 Can We Finally Beat Cancer? 19:32 Europe, America, and the Future of Innovation 20:37 Why Slowing Innovation Hurts Future Generations 21:59 What Would Matt Ridley Change First? 22:22 Can America Sustain an Innovation Boom? 24:39 Why Civilization Is More Resilient Than We Think 27:01 What Happens If We Discover Alien Life? 27:47 Closing Thoughts

For the last 30 years, software created many of the world's biggest fortunes.

But according to Wave Function Ventures Partner and former SpaceX engineer Jamie Gull, that era is changing.

In this conversation, we explore why AI is making software easier to replicate, why physical infrastructure is becoming the world's biggest bottleneck, and why the next generation of trillion-dollar companies may come from energy, manufacturing, robotics, space, and industrial technology.

We also dive into what Jamie learned during SpaceX's early years, how he evaluates founders today, why Los Angeles is becoming a global center for hard-tech startups, and the biggest investment opportunities most people still overlook.

If you're interested in the future of technology, venture capital, AI, or where the next decade of innovation is heading, this episode is for you.

What if we've been trying to fix housing the wrong way all along?

Most companies are trying to build better houses. Cuby is trying to reinvent the entire process of construction.

In this episode, Cuby co-founder Aleks explains why modular housing, prefab construction, and even 3D-printed homes have struggled to scale, and why his team believes the real breakthrough isn't a better house, but a new operating system for building.

Instead of giant factories, Cuby is building mobile microfactories that can manufacture homes close to where they're needed. Behind that idea is more than a million engineering hours, thousands of mapped construction processes, and a vision that extends far beyond housing.

We discuss:

• Why construction hasn't fundamentally changed in centuries • Why labor accounts for most of the cost of building a home • Why modular housing and 3D printing continue to fall short • How Cuby's mobile microfactories work • The software behind a completely new construction process • Why the company mapped over 10,000 individual construction steps • How automation and AI could reshape one of the world's largest industries • What happens to housing affordability if this approach succeeds • Why Cuby ultimately wants to become "the building company"

Whether you're a founder, engineer, investor, or simply curious about the future of the built world, this conversation offers a fascinating look at how one startup is rethinking an industry that touches everyone.

Subscribe for weekly conversations with the founders and engineers building the future.

Become a member of the Rational Optimist Society: https://rationaloptimistsociety.substack.com

Joe Liemandt, founder of Trilogy Software and principal of Alpha School, is betting $1 billion that a two-hour AI-powered learning sprint can replace the traditional six-hour school day — and deliver top 1% academic results for every kid who goes through it. This is "AI transforming education" in action.

The data is already there. Alpha students score in the top 1–2% nationally across every subject. The average 11th grader hits 1535 on the SAT. And kids who transfer in with straight A's are routinely found to be three grade levels behind.

In this episode:

• Why 90% of the learning problem is motivation — not content — and how Alpha solves it in software

• How Texas Sports Academy uses Jermaine O'Neal and afternoon practice to get disengaged kids doing third-grade phonics by choice

• The $200 billion federal voucher wave that could reshape who controls American education

• Why chatbots are cheat bots — and what a real AI tutor actually looks like

• The "100 for 100" experiment: paying kids $100 to fill academic gaps, and why it permanently changes their self-image

• Joe's five-year vision: a tablet, under $1,000, that teaches everything a child needs to know in two hours a day

Laurence Allen, founder and CEO of Terranova, explains why flooding and land subsidence are unsolvable with seawalls alone — and how his company is using underground robotics and woodchip injection to physically lift sinking land back up.

We explore the scale of the global subsidence crisis, why cities from Jakarta to Miami to San Francisco are running out of options, and what it would take to deploy this technology at city scale. If you're interested in climate resilience, infrastructure, real estate, defense technology, or the future of human engineering, this episode maps out a solution most people assumed was impossible.

In this episode:

• Why seawalls fail against permanent sea level rise — and the coastal cities most at risk

• How Terranova's robots inject woodchip slurry 60 feet underground to lift an acre of land by a foot in a single day

• Why woodchips are cheaper than dirt and available at massive scale in flood-prone regions

• How AI and machine learning are being used to map underground soil conditions and predict injection outcomes

• The permitting landscape, groundwater safety, and why regulators have been surprisingly supportive

• Terranova's current deployments, customer pipeline, and path to lifting entire cities

• Defense applications: levee reinforcement, military base preservation, and the Army Corps of Engineers

• Why this technology could unlock billions in stranded coastal real estate and solve California's water infrastructure crisis

Ethan Loosbrock, founder and CEO of Oros Energy, explains why batteries are the critical bottleneck holding back electric vehicles, drones, robotics, grid storage, and beyond — and what next-generation battery chemistry could unlock.

We explore the global battery supply chain, China's dominance in production, and what it would take for the U.S. to rebuild domestic leadership in advanced energy storage. If you're interested in EVs, clean energy, energy independence, or the future of transportation and AI infrastructure, this episode maps out what comes next.

In this episode:

• Why battery energy density and cost remain the core constraint across EVs, drones, robotics, and electric aircraft

• How breakthroughs in battery chemistry could open up entirely new applications in defense, aerospace, and autonomous systems

• The current state of the global battery supply chain and why China dominates production

• What the U.S. would need to do to reclaim leadership in advanced energy storage

• How lower-cost, higher-performance batteries could reshape global energy markets and AI infrastructure 🎯 Join the Rational Optimist Society (Free): https://zpr.io/Cm2bNANWYsy4 If you're ready for deeper insights and fresh takes on today's critical issues, hit the subscribe button! Follow us on X: https://x.com/RationalOptSoc Stephen McBride: https://x.com/DisruptionHedge

Jamie Metzl explains why he believes "AGI is BS," what artificial intelligence will actually mean for jobs, and how humanity can navigate the biggest technological transition in history.

Jamie is a leading expert on AI, genetics, biotechnology, and the future of humanity. In this conversation we discuss AGI, AI ethics, the future of work, AI education, human-centered technology, and why transparency in AI use matters more than ever.

Jamie and host Stephen McBride discuss: • Artificial general intelligence

• AI jobs and the future of work

• AI ethics and transparency

• AI as a creative partner

• The AI Ten Commandments

• Education in the age of AI

Jamie and GPT-5 co-authored The AI Ten Commandments, which you can find here: https://a.co/d/02TqUZEM

Read Jamie's Blog post on Pope Leo's AI Encyclical: https://jamiemetzl.com/pope-leos-ai-encyclical/

Learn more about Jamie at: Jamiemetzl.com

Rational Optimist Society

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