The inspiration of scripture allows for multiple layers of interpretation. One way of describing this is the four senses of scripture: literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical. The literal sense comes first. Then, the three spiritual senses build upon the initial literal sense.
Check these sources out:
Scott Hahn, ed., Catholic Bible Dictionary. New York; London; Toronto; Sydney; Auckland: Doubleday, 2009.
Smith, Steven C. The Word of the Lord: 7 Essential Principles for Catholic Scripture Study. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, Our Sunday Visitor, 2012.
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