Korean Air dramatically improved its safety record by confronting and reforming the cultural legacies that contributed to cockpit communication failures.

Mitigated speech refers to how people soften or sugarcoat their speech, especially when addressing authority; overcoming it is a foundation of modern crew resource management (CRM) and aviation safety.

The Power Distance Index (PDI), a measure of how much less powerful individuals accept unequal power distributions, is directly linked to communication styles and safety outcomes in airlines.

A pilot's cultural background significantly influences how they communicate, particularly in stressful situations and hierarchies like the cockpit.

Most plane crashes are not caused by a single catastrophic event or technical failure, but by a series of smaller human errors and communication breakdowns that accumulate over time.

This concept generalizes from the case of Harlan to suggest that traditions, beliefs, and values inherited from ancestors continue to shape success and conflict in contemporary societies.

This concept examines how cultural legacies, once established, persist for generations and influence behavior in ways that may be invisible to outsiders.

This concept explores how a culture of honor, originating from the Scotch-Irish settlers of Appalachia, created a legacy of conflict and violence in Harlan, Kentucky, and similar regions.

Asserts that extraordinary success arises from a convergence of timing, cultural heritage, and social exclusion, rather than any single cause.

Analyzes how apparent disadvantages—such as exclusion from elite law firms due to anti-Semitism—can paradoxically become advantages when broader social and economic trends shift.