Join Patrick as he delves into the story behind Papua New Guinea's national anthem, "O Arise All You Sons," a song that embodies the spirit and pride of a nation celebrating its independence. The episode takes listeners on a geographical and historical journey, highlighting the unique relationship between Papua New Guinea and its neighboring countries, while also exploring the life of Thomas Shacklady, the anthem's composer. Through humor and insightful commentary, Patrick reflects on the significance of the anthem in fostering national identity and unity among the people of PNG. The discussion touches on the cultural richness and natural beauty of the country, as well as the historical context leading to its independence in 1975. Listeners will gain a newfound appreciation for both the anthem and the vibrant history of Papua New Guinea.

1. https://www.pngaa.net/Independence_Anniversary/national_anthem.htm 
2. https://malumnalu.blogspot.com/2008/08/thomas-shacklady-composer-of-papua-new.html 
3. http://www.paclii.org/pg/legis/consol_act/nia1971197/ 
4. https://www.wolframalpha.com/input?i=15%2C355+km 
5. Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975). A classification of the biogeographical provinces of the world. IUCN Occasional Paper no. 18. Morges, Switzerland: IUCN.
6. https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Botany_of_the_Antarctic_Voyage_of_H/9Y0LAQAAIAAJ?hl=en 
7. https://web.archive.org/web/20131103111901/http://www.anthro.utah.edu/PDFs/Papers/JAS%3DOC%26A.pdf 
8. Quanchi, Max (2005). Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands. The Scarecrow Press. p. 215.
9. https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=592696311&sxsrf=AM9HkKlp2upWnbTlKFBsQPALf2QNu3RIxQ:1703125996578&q=Nicholai+Miklukho-Maklai&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzlaLgvp-DAxUvvokEHa9oDZAQ0pQJegQICRAB&biw=767&bih=706&dpr=1.25 
10. John Waiko. Short History of Papua New Guinea (1993)
11. https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CM%5CI%5CMiklukho6MaklaiNikolai.htm 
12. John Dademo Waiko, Papua New Guinea: A History of Our Times (2003)
13. https://www.postcourier.com.pg/oversight-keeps-national-anthem-law-29-years/ 
14. https://www.thenational.com.pg/change-to-anthem-lyrics-%E2%80%98illegal%E2%80%99/ 
15. https://www.google.com/books/edition/P_N_G_Government_and_Other_Community_Lif/uHgHAQAAIAAJ?hl=en 
16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5gPypxJ_ls 
17. https://sdd.spc.int/guides-and-training-material?view=preview&format=raw&fileId=218 
18. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/New_Guinea 
19. https://www.parliament.gov.pg/ninth-parliament/bio/view/governor-east-sepik 
20. https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A01408/latest/text 
21. https://theconversation.com/png-marks-40-years-of-independence-still-feeling-the-effects-of-australian-colonialism-47258#:~:text=Economic%20problems%20combined%20with%20unrest,to%20a%20single%2C%20united%20country. 
22. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/20/australias-ignorance-about-papua-new-guinea-is-a-loss-for-both-nations 
23. https://www.aph.gov.au/DocumentStore.ashx?id=db943a0f-7951-4b21-8d2d-23830b54e200&subId=350354#:~:text=In%20formal%20terms%2C%20democratic%20rule,of%20free%20and%20fair%20elections. 
24. https://freedomhouse.org/country/papua-new-guinea/freedom-world/2022#:~:text=Papua%20New%20Guinea%20(PNG)%20is,marred%20by%20irregularities%20and%20violence. 
25. Freudenberg, Graham (2009), A Certain Grandeur: Gough Whitlam's Life in Politics (revised ed.), Viking, ISBN 978-0-670-07375-7

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