PBS Space Time

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PBS Space Time episodes

  • Secrets of the Cosmic Microwave Background

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    Uploaded 20-02-19

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    Hook up an old antenna to your TV and scan between channels. The static buzz you hear is mostly due to the ambient radio produced by our noisy pre-galactic civilization. But around one percent of that buzz is something very different – it’s the cosmic microwave background radiation – the remnant of the heat-glow released when the hot, dense early universe became transparent for the first time. It sound likes random static, but that buzz contains an incredible wealth of hidden information. It holds the secrets of the universe’s fiery beginning,

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    Sound Waves from the Beginning of Time
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPpUxoeooZk

    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
    Graphics by Luke Maroldi
    Directing by Andrew Kornhaber

    It’s not surprising that scientists have spent half a century and built multiple satellites to unlock the mysteries of the cosmic microwave background. We’ve delved into its nature before – from its formation 380,000 years after the Big Bang, to its 1964 discovery by Penzias and Wilson with the Holmdel Horn Antenna, to its increasingly accurate mapping across the sky with ever-better satellites. It all culminated in this – the Planck satellite’s map of the CMB.


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    20 min
  • What If Gravity is NOT An Elementary Force? | Entropic Gravity
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    There are four fundamental forces - the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity. Except maybe gravity is no more fundamental than the force of a stretched elastic band. Maybe gravity is just an entropic byproduct—an emergent effect of the universe’s tendency to disorder. If you allow entropy to keep you in your seat for a bit, I’ll tell you all about it.
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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
    Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria
    Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
    Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
    Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
    Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
    Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
    Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
    Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
    This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
    © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved.
    End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka
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    19 min
  • The Star at the End of Time

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    Uploaded 02-05-18

    If we, or any conscious being is around to witness the very distant future our galaxy, what will they see? How long will life persist as the stars begin to die?

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    Previous Episode:
    Black Hole Swarms
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVhtKAnp3G4


    For the sake of argument, let’s say that humanity survives the several ends of the world that await us. We somehow persist the gradual heating of our Sun and the evaporation of our oceans. Our descendants cling to existence through countless generations we watch the Andromeda galaxy merge with the Milky Way, forming a vast elliptical galaxy. We seek refuge in the outer solar system as the Sun finally expands into a red giant – twice! And finally our heirs or successors find new homes among the stars after the Sun’s final death and transformation into a dim white dwarf.


    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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    14 min
  • How The Penrose Singularity Theorem Predicts The End of Space Time

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    ↓ More info below ↓

    Uploaded 27-10-20

    The Nobel prize in physics this year went to black holes. Generally speaking. Specifically, it was shared by the astronomers who revealed to us the Milky Way’s central black hole and by Roger Penrose, who proved that in general relativity, every black hole contains a place of infinite gravity - a singularity. But the true impact of Penrose’s singularity theorem would is much deeper - it leads us to the limits Einstein’s great theory and to the origin of the universe.

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    20 min
  • Quantum Physics in a Mirror Universe

    To learn to think like a scientist check out http://Brilliant.org/SpaceTime

    Uploaded 12-12-18

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    When you look in mirror, and see what you think is a perfect reflection. You might be looking at universe whose laws are fundamentally different.

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    Previous Episode:
    Did Life on Earth Come from Space?
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REl20rlZGTw

    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Graeme Gossel and Matt O'Dowd
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    When we think about symmetry, the first thing that comes to mind is mirror symmetry. Butterflies, Rorschach tests, and classically attractive faces all look the same when flipped left-to-right. In physics, a symmetry is when the laws of physics are unchanged due to some transformation of coordinates. We’ve seen examples where it is - the universe is symmetric to coordinate shifts in space, time, and even the rather abstract phase of the wave function. So it might be surprising to learn that with all the weird ways in which the universe IS symmetric, it’s NOT entirely symmetric under this most intuitive one. The laws of physics work differently in the universe of the mirror.


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    20 min
  • Can We Break the Universe?

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    Uploaded 19-01-21

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    Today we’re going to delve into a couple of the most famous paradoxes of special relativity: the Twin Paradox, The Ladder Paradox (aka the Barn-Pole Paradox), and a paradox suggested by our very own viewers, which asks whether a spaceship could wrap around the universe and destroy itself. We’ll explore these paradoxes and see why, against our intuition, the universe really does work in this seemingly nonsensical way. But the point of this episode is to go much further - we’re going to try to break the universe by pushing these paradoxes beyond the limit.

    Special Thanks to our Patreon Supporters Hank and Mark for suggesting the questions that inspired this episode!

    #space #relativity #paradox

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    20 min
  • EMP Attack: The Factual Science of Electromagnetic Pulse
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    EMPs aren’t science fiction. Real militaries are experimenting on real EMP generators, and as Starfish Prime showed us, space nukes can send powerful EMPs to the surface. So what exactly is an EMP, and how dangerous are they?
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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
    Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini & Stephanie Faria
    Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
    Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
    Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
    Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
    Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
    Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell
    Spacetime is a production of Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
    This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
    © 2024 PBS. All rights reserved.
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    19 min
  • Are Cosmic Strings Cracks in the Universe?

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    Uploaded 23-02-22

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    Reality has cracks in it. Universe-spanning filaments of ancient Big Bang energy, formed from topological defects in the quantum fields, aka cosmic strings. They have subatomic thickness but prodigious mass and they lash through space at a close to the speed of light. They could be the most bizarre undiscovered entities that actually exist.

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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Jason Segall and Matt O'Dowd
    Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie Faria
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    Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
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    End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka

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  • How Far Beyond Earth Could Humanity Travel?
    Check Out Untold Earth on PBS Terra: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BVHSUMAWR4&list=PLzkQfVIJun2J5q9CIXPAlL95FSb0tJul7&index=85
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    We humans have always been explorers. The great civilizations that have arisen across the world are owed to our restless ancestors. These days, there’s not much of Earth left to explore. But if we look up, there’s a whole universe out there waiting for us. Future generations may one day explore the cosmos and even settle entire other galaxies. But there is a hard limit to how much of the universe we can expand into. So, how big can humanity get?
    Episodes Referenced:
    How Much Of The Universe Can Humanity Ever See?: https://youtu.be/eVoh27gJgME
    Is Interstellar Travel Possible?: https://youtu.be/wdP_UDSsuro
    What If Humanity Is Among The First Spacefaring Civilizations?: https://youtu.be/uTrFAY3LUNw
    The Edges of Our Universe by Toby Ord: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.01191.pdf
    A causal limit to communication within an expanding cosmological civilization by S. Jay Olson: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2208.07871.pdf
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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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    20 min
  • What If Our Understanding of Gravity Is Wrong?

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    Uploaded 10-11-21

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    What if there is no such thing as dark matter? What if our understanding of gravity is just wrong? New work is taking another shot at that Einstein guy. Let’s see if we’ve finally scored a hit with Modified Newtonian Dynamics aka MOND.

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    22 min

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Space Time explores the outer reaches of space, the craziness of astrophysics, the possibilities of sci-fi, and anything else you can think of beyond Planet Earth with our astrophysicist host: Matthew O’Dowd.

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