What if we could get 90% of ACL patients better without surgery?
A 2023 study on the ACL cross-bracing protocol suggests it just might be possible.
You might need to “brace yourself”, as we go on a Research Quest and figure out how.
With the following cross-bracing protocol, 72 out of 80 patients had evidence of ACL healing on a 3-month MRI.
This was from the 2023 study by Stephanie Filbray and colleagues.
These researchers have a theory that because the distance between where the ACL starts, and ends is shortest at 90° of knee flexion, by keeping the knee locked at 90 degrees for a few weeks, you could give the torn ligament the best shot possible of healing on its own.
So, researchers immobilised the knees of the patients in the study at 90° of flexion for four weeks after the injury and kept the knee fixed at that angle 24/7.
This includes showering and sleeping.
From the five-week mark, the range gradually increases each week until the 12-week mark is reached.
Here’s the exact protocol they used:
Between weeks 1 - and 4: the knee was locked at 90 degrees.
For Week 5: the brace was adjusted so that the knee could move between 60 - 90 degrees of flexion.
In week 6: this progressed to a range of motion of 45 - 90 degrees
Week 7: it was 30 - full flexion
Week 8: 20 - full flexion
Week 9: 10 - full flexion
So, basically, the range of motion allowed is increasing each week from week 5 to 9.
Then between weeks 10 - 12: the patients have unrestricted ROM as the brace allows them between 0 - 120 degrees
In week 13, the brace is finally removed, with the caveat that it is always worn in high-risk scenarios between weeks 13 and 16.
From week 17 onwards, there is no more brace.
Aside from the bracing, a pretty standard ACL rehab protocol is followed.
As mentioned at the start, the researchers found evidence of ligament healing in 90% of patients on a 3-month MRI.
Reference:
Filbay SR, Dowsett M, Chaker Jomaa M, Rooney J, Sabharwal R, Lucas P, Van Den Heever A, Kazaglis J, Merlino J, Moran M, Allwright M, Kuah DEK, Durie R, Roger G, Cross M, Cross T. Healing of acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture on MRI and outcomes following non-surgical management with the Cross Bracing Protocol. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Dec;57(23):1490-1497. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106931. Epub 2023 Jun 14. PMID: 37316199; PMCID: PMC10715498.