How a failed biblical uprising reveals the power of productive disagreement.

Mark Friedman, author of "Come Now, Let Us Reason Together," joins Madlik to explore Judaism's embrace of disagreement. We dive into the Korach story, contrasting it with the debates of Hillel and Shammai to illustrate how Judaism values constructive conflict. Friedman connects ancient Jewish wisdom to modern philosophical concepts, drawing parallels between Talmudic discourse and Karl Popper's theories on truth-seeking. The episode challenges the notion of absolute truth in religious interpretation, advocating for pluralism within tradition.

Key Takeaways

1. Judaism celebrates constructive disagreement as a path to progress
2. The Korach story teaches the importance of sincere, well-intentioned debate
3. Modern philosophical concepts can illuminate traditional Jewish approaches to truth and interpretation=

Timestamps

• [00:00] – Introduction of the theme: Judaism thrives on disagreement, not dogma.
• [01:44] – Mark Friedman shares his background and journey from secular Judaism to deep Torah engagement.
• [05:00] – Introduction to Pirkei Avot and the concept of a “dispute for the sake of Heaven.”
• [07:36] – Why Korach’s argument failed: selfish motives vs. truth-seeking intent.
• [09:34] – Korach’s logic vs. divine command: the flaw in rationalizing sacred law.
• [12:23] – Misapplied questions and the importance of framing debate with sincerity.
• [16:00] – Comparing the Tower of Babel to Korach: when unity becomes tyranny.
• [20:00] – Applying Karl Popper’s philosophy of falsifiability to Talmudic pluralism.
• [27:00] – Why Hillel’s flexibility makes his rulings endure more than Shammai’s rigidity.
• [31:00] – Wrapping up with pluralism, tradition, and valuing minority opinions in Jewish thought.

Links & Learnings

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Come Now, Let Us Reason Together: Uncovering the Torah's Liberal Values Paperback – December 30, 2024 by Mark D. Friedman

Safaria Source Sheet: https://www.sefaria.org/sheets/658585

Transcript on episode web page: https://madlik.com/2025/06/26/pluralism-in-judaism/