Prison Professors

Lesson 2: Lessons on Leadership with Bill McGlashan and Prison Professors

For those looking for information before sentencing, this three part series on understanding the federal sentencing guidelines may help:

https://prisonprofessors.com/basics-on-us-sentencing-guidelines/

Lesson 1: Introduction to Bill McGlashan

An Open Letter from Prison Professors to All Course Participants

Hi,

My name is Michael Santos. I’m the founder of Earning Freedom and the Prison Professors nonprofit. If you’re working through our course, it’s likely that you’re going through the criminal justice system at some stage—pretrial, in custody, or on some form of community supervision. Both Bill McGlashan and I can empathize with your plight.

For 9,500 days, I lived as federal prisoner number 16377-004. I am intimately familiar with challenges of living in confinement. Despite those challenges, I know the opportunities that open when a person chooses deliberate adjustment strategies. A jail or prison may or may not offer rehabilitative courses. When a person develops a self-directed work ethic, a person can work on personal development regardless of where administrators confine him or her. At Prison Professors, we develop courses that help people that want to help themselves.

For that reason, it pleases me to offer our course:

Lessons on Leadership: With Bill McGlashan

Some may wonder why a person like Bill McGlashan would work with a startup like Prison Professors. Bill is known across the globe as one of the foremost impact investors. Why would such a man volunteer so much of his personal time to help people locked in America’s jails and prisons? 

To respond to that question, it may help if I offer some context. Participants will learn all about Bill and the way he thinks through the course. Before getting to the course, let me offer the backstory.

Backstory:

I made bad decisions as a young man, refusing to heed the advice of teachers or mentors. Excitement of a fast crowd lured me away from productive habits. I began making bad decisions during the recklessness of youth. Those decisions turned worse in 1984, when I was 20. I began participating with a group that sold cocaine. In August of 1987, federal agents arrested me. For the next 30 years, I lived inside prisons of every security level or on some form of community confinement, including: 

• • High-security US penitentiaries,
• • Medium-security federal correctional institutions,
• • Low-security federal correctional institutions,
• • Minimum-security federal prison camps,
• • A halfway house,
• • Home confinement,
• • Supervised Release.
• • Special Parole,
• • Parole

As I reveal in Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, leaders taught me many lessons during that lengthy odyssey. With hopes of helping as many people as possible, I accept a responsibility to pass along lessons that transformed my life. 

Even though a person may serve a lengthy term, any of us can choose to work toward reconciling with society. While in prison, I learned from many leaders. People like Bill McGlashan taught me to follow the principles of leadership:

Define success, as the best possible outcome.

Create a plan and prepare to overcome the challenges ahead.

Put priorities in place, knowing that incremental progress would lead to new opportunities.

Create tools, tactics, and resources that would help me grow, and

Execute the plan every day.

That disciplined adjustment strategy could help any person that wanted to prepare for a life of meaning, relevance, and dignity. It could help a person restore confidence. Regardless of what bad decisions we made in the past, at any time, regardless of where we are, we can work toward making better decisions. 

I aspired to reconcile with society and to prepare in ways that would allow me to emerge successfully. A willingness to learn from leaders opened my eyes to a new philosophy. Rather than complaining about the challenges wrought by my bad decisions, I could work to make amends.

Any person could do the same.

In Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, I share the entire story. On August 11, 1987, authorities arrested me. After a jury convicted me, a judge sentenced me to serve a 45-year sentence. While locked in jail, a correctional officer passed me a copy of Plato’s book, The Republic, which introduced me to philosophy. I learned about Socrates and his remarkable way of looking at the world. 

Reading The Republic changed my life. It helped me to realize and accept the colossal mistakes I had made as a young man. I’d been living by a bad philosophy. Rather than working to help my community, I broke the law. 

Socrates (and other leaders) taught me to stop feeling sorry for myself. Leaders suggested that we change if we don’t like our situation, or if we’re facing a challenge. To start, we must change the way we think. From leaders like Socrates (and Bill McGlashan), I learned the power that comes when we think about other people and our community instead of only thinking about the challenges we face. We can recalibrate. We can work to earn freedom. 

That change in thinking influenced a deliberate adjustment strategy. While incarcerated, I made a 100% commitment to:

Pursue self-directed learning,

Contribute to society in meaningful, measurable ways, and

Work toward building a strong support network that would include positive role models.

That three-pronged strategy made all the difference. When defining success at that stage in my life, I simply wanted to emerge with my dignity intact. I wanted to pursue a path that would open opportunities to live as a law-abiding, contributing citizen. By preparing well, no one would know that I had served a quarter century when I got out. I wanted to emerge unscathed.

That strategy led to my earning a bachelor’s degree from Mercer University, a master’s degree from Hofstra University, getting married in prison, and opening many income opportunities that I could expand upon after release. By the time I walked out of prison, I had sufficient savings in the bank to launch my career. None of that would have been possible had I not opened my mind, and my heart, to learn from leaders.

Any person that served time alongside me could have done the same. At any time, we can choose to learn from leaders like Bill McGlashan. Sadly, the prison culture conditions people to learn from so-called “shot callers” instead.

The leaders I studied taught me to think differently from the way I thought before I went to prison. I encourage others to do the same. Those who choose to pursue self-directed adjustments will find opportunities rather than challenges awaiting them upon release—as I experienced.

While still in the halfway house, San Francisco State University hired me to teach as an adjunct professor. Simultaneously, I began building businesses. Together with my partners, we persuaded prison administrators, federal judges, probation officers, and even U.S. Attorneys to purchase our products and services. A successful adjustment inside eased my reentry, allowing me to begin building a career upon release. I didn’t need a job. Preparations allowed me to create my own income streams.

I am convinced that any person in jail or prison can use the time inside to recalibrate and open opportunities. To succeed, however, those people must accept the reality. As administrators used to tell me: 

“We don’t care anything about your life after your release. We only care about the security of the institution.”

In such an environment, we should expect obstacles. Despite obstacles that contribute to intergenerational cycles of recidivism, we must focus on what we can do to prepare for the journey ahead. We must reject the dubious advice we receive:

From the system: You’ve got nothin’ comin’. Don’t do the crime if you can’t do the time.

From misguided people inside: The best way to serve time is to forget about the world outside, and to focus on your reputation in prison.

Mahatma Gandhi taught us that we should strive to live as the change we want to see in the world. I want to live in a world where people can always work to become better and reach their highest potential. I’m grateful to the many leaders who taught me this message. For that reason, I’ve devoted my professional career to sharing what I’ve learned from leaders.  

It pleases me to share these lessons from Bill McGlashan, a genuine world-class leader.

What qualifies Bill as a world-class leader? 

A lot!

Bill has impeccable academic credentials, with an undergraduate degree from Yale, and a graduate degree in business from Stanford. While I served decades in prison, Bill distinguished himself as a steward of capital for private equity companies, business leader, and impact investor. He launched startups that he later sold to publicly traded corporations. As a CEO, he saved hundreds of jobs by accepting the responsibility of restructuring a publicly traded company that was on the verge of failure. As a director of TPG Capital, he created stellar returns on more than $12 billion worth of funds that investors entrusted to him and his team. 

Bill built a reputation as one of the world’s most astute impact investors. He brought coalitions of other world-class activists, philanthropists, and leaders together, including:

Bono: Singer for U2, but also founder of RED, ONE, and a cultural leader.

Jeff Skoll: Founder of eBay, Participant Media, and the Skoll Foundation.

Laurene Powell Jobs, philanthropist, and founder of the Emerson Collective.

Mo Ibrahim, founder of Celtel and global philanthropist focused on Africa.

Richard Branson, founder of Virgin Group.

Anand Mahindra, Chairman of Mahindra Group from India.

I did not meet Bill until the summer of 2021, eight years after I had finished my obligation to the Bureau of Prisons. 

Despite having devoted his professional career to creating solutions in response huge global challenges that included solutions for climate change, extreme poverty, access to healthcare and education, Bill made a catastrophic decision as a parent. He agreed to participate in a ruse. A conman convinced him to pay an unscrupulous testing service to assist prospects for his son’s admission to a university. His son didn’t need the help, and he didn’t know that Bill had participated in the artifice.

Bill’s decision led to a series of catastrophic event, proving the theorem of Scottish author Sir Walter Scott, who wrote:

• • Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.

Authorities arrested Bill, a grand jury indicted him, and he pleaded guilty to a federal crime. 

Bill and I spoke for the first time a few days before he would surrender to serve a three-month sentence in federal prison.

During our lengthy conversation, I listened to Bill express his remorse and admired his eagerness to make amends. When he told me that he wanted to use his time inside to help as many people as possible, I offered some observations on what he could expect from the experience. People in jail or prison could learn from his lessons on leadership. 

Bill’s story was the type that inspired me to want to learn more while I served my sentence. 

Knowing that others could benefit from his wisdom, I invited him to volunteer his time to create a new course with Prison Professors. Through the course, I suggested, we would help people learn the importance of pursuing self-directed learning projects. Since the prison system may not always have resources to offer educational courses, I explained, we could fill the gap.

As evidenced by the video files that accompany this course, and the personal nature of the lessons, Bill volunteered to spend hundreds of hours working alongside me. Together, we developed the course. 

This course offers opportunities for self-directed participants to work toward developing their vocabulary, their writing skills, and their critical-thinking skills. Those building blocks can help anyone grow. By developing those skills, I opened countless opportunities as the months turned into years, and the years turned into decades. 

Bill’s teachings would have inspired me while I served my sentence. They inspire me now. They make me want to learn more. We hope that you will learn from the video files, the audio files and the lessons that make up our course.

Although I didn’t appreciate the importance of education when I started the journey, this course would have opened my eyes to the liberty that comes with self-directed learning plans. On behalf of our entire team at Prison Professors, Bill and I encourage you to work toward reaching your highest potential. 

Sincerely,

Michael Santos

Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term by Michael Santos

Chapter 15.3

*******

It's Wednesday, April 18, 2012 and I received the most amazing book during mail call. It's so impressive, The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections, edited by Professor Joan Petersilia, who is the Adelbert H. Sweet Professor of Law at Stanford Law School, and Kevin R. Reitz, who is the James Annenberg La Vea Professor of Criminal Procedure at the University of Minnesota Law School. The 764-page book includes contributions from many authors who wrote individual chapters on various subjects pertaining to sentencing and corrections in America's massive prison system. My face beams with pride when I turn to chapter 25 and I see the words I wrote more than three years ago, describing the life I've lived since 1987.

I don't know how to describe the honor I feel that Professor Petersilia invited me to write about my experiences. I'm a prisoner, after all, and yet by including my work I'm in the company of some of the world's leading scholars who hold distinguished positions in some of the world's leading universities. To show my appreciation, I will read each chapter and publish a review to describe what I learned from those who contributed.

There isn't anyone here with whom I can share my joy, but inside, I feel a liberating gratification, giving me a sense that some meaning has come from this long journey. It's a journey that is coming to an end, as I have news that I'm scheduled to transition from the Atwater federal prison camp to the San Francisco halfway house on August 13, 2012.

*******

It's July 1, 2012, the last full month that I'm going to serve in federal prison. I have 9,091 days of prison behind me, only 44 days of prison ahead. From the beginning I've been exercising very hard, but I've been waiting for this month for decades, always intending to exercise harder during my final month than ever before. After all, it's the last full month in my life that I'll have to focus exclusively on exercise. I'm determined to run 500 miles during the month. In addition, I'll do 10,000 pushups and 4,000 dips. The intense workout will quell this steady surge of anticipation that has been building for months.

Carole has already made the move to Lee's guesthouse and she secured a job at a Bay area hospital. As crazy as it may sound, I know that my life is one of many blessings, but more than anything else, I cherish the relationship I've built with my wife. We're both indescribably excited about the prospects of building our lives together. Despite the love, enthusiasm, and anticipation inside of me, however, I have a measure of anxiety as well.

For 25 years I've been a prisoner, living in the midst of men, strangers. Privacy has not been a part of my life. I don't know how to eat with metal silverware or off of ceramic plates. I've not had a drink from a glass since 1987, nor have I taken a shower without wearing flip-flops. We're in our 10th year of marriage, but my wife and I have only known each other under the bright lights of prison visiting rooms, always under the watchful eyes of vigilant prison guards.

I don't have any idea about the magnitude of change that is about to come my way, but I know that it's coming. Running these long distances helps to dissipate the anxiety, but I can't help thinking about how I'll react to the changes that are about to come. I don't worry about earning a living or financial matters, as I've prepared well for those challenges.

My anxieties are of a more primal nature. For instance, I dwell for hours at a time about how I'm going to muster the courage to poop in front of my wife. Will she kick me out of bed if she hears me pass gas? I don't have any idea on how I'm going to handle these complexities of domesticity, but I know that I can count on Carole to help me. She just doesn't yet know the worries that I have.

I wonder what's going through her mind. For years she's lived as a prisoner's wife, with visiting rooms being our living room, bedroom, and kitchen. She has been very protective of her time with me, and yet it has been only an abbreviated time. Now, in a matter of days, all of that will change.

Carole has begun making purchases to ease my initial transition. She bought us matching iPhones, clothing and hygiene supplies that I'm going to need. We're coordinating events with family, as my sisters, mother, and grandmother want to visit. They've been waiting for 25 years to welcome me home, but my release is complicated by three factors:

• I'm being released to San Francisco and my family lives in other cities;

• I'm not really going home, but to a halfway house; and

• I don't know what restrictions the halfway house is going to place on me.

With all of those complications, I'm asking my mom and sisters to let me spend the initial weeks with Carole. Before receiving visits, I need to settle with her and understand more about this transition into society and what it truly means to live as a husband. I want to receive my driver's license, to begin reporting to work, and to complete whatever demands the halfway house makes upon residents as a condition of increased liberties. I expect that I'll need 90 days to settle.

*******

It's 2:00 am on Monday, August 13, 2012. Today is the day, the 9,135th day that I'm waking on a prison rack. It's also the last. I climb down and dress in my exercise gear. I take my cup of instant coffee and walk into the center of the housing unit, where I sit alone in the dark. It's been 25 years and two days since my arrest, and in a few short hours I'm scheduled to walk outside of these fences. Why, I wonder, does society equate this particular amount of time with the concept of justice? In what ways did the quarter century I served contribute to community safety?

As I look around and see all the other prisoners sleeping, the only answer I can come up with is that society wanted to punish me for the laws I broke when I was in my early 20s. I'm now 48 and I don't even remember much about those crimes, as the length of time that I served gradually squeezed those details out of my memory and consciousness. The punishment felt severe with my arrest and trial and sentencing. But as the weeks turned into months, and the months turned into years, I turned all of my attention toward those three principled steps that were going to guide me through my journey:

• I made a commitment to educate myself;
• I made a commitment to contribute to society in measurable ways; and
• I made a commitment to build a strong support network.

That strategy, I hoped, would help redeem the bad decisions of my reckless youth and help me reconcile with society. As the years passed, however, I lost sight of the fact that society was punishing me. Prison became the only life that I knew. Is a man still being punished if he doesn't even know it?

By the time I earned my master's degree in 1995, I felt as ready to live as a contributing member of society as I ever would. That was 17 years ago, but our system of justice didn't have a mechanism in place to encourage individuals to work toward earning freedom. As Shakespeare suggested in his play A Merchant from Venice, the system wanted its pound of flesh. Regardless of what efforts an individual made to atone, in our system of justice, all that mattered was the turning of a sufficient number of calendar pages.

As of today, 300 calendar pages have turned since my initial arrest. And in a few more hours, I'm going to walk outside of these gates, where I'll see Carole waiting.

It's 4:00 am and I begin my exercise, first with strength training, knocking out 50 sets of pushups. Then I begin my run. In July I set a goal of running 500 miles. With focus and persistence I blasted through that goal, hitting 700 miles that included eight back-to-back marathons during the month.

I've now exercised for 1,340 days without a single day of rest, but what new routines will begin tomorrow? Many years ago I read What Got You Here Won't Get You There, a book by Marshall Goldsmith, a business strategist. The book made an impression on me then, and it seems particularly relevant to me now, as I finish running my 12th and final mile around a prison track. I'm opening my mind to the reality that I'm going to have to change the rigid and precise tactics that have carried me through prison. But I'll never relinquish my commitment to living a principled, deliberate, strategic life. I don't know how I'm going to have to change, but I'm open to the changes that will come when I walk outside of these prison gates.

*******

It's 7:00 am and I'm walking alone, steadying my thoughts. I tried to use the telephone but my account has been disabled, confirming that my time in prison is ending. I see a long line of men waiting to enter the chow hall for breakfast and I feel the many eyes upon me; I feel their energy, good wishes from them, but I need this time alone. I walk into the chapel for solitude and I pray in gratitude, thanking God for protecting me through the journey, asking for guidance as I take the next steps home.

"Michael Santos," I hear the announcement. "Number 16377-004. Report with all your property to the rear gate."

I'm carrying my copy of The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections, but I've given everything else away. I leave the camp and walk toward the gate at the rear of the penitentiary. A guard comes toward me from inside the gate and he crosses through. He calls me forward and asks a few questions to confirm my identity, and it's as simple as that.

We walk through a processing area and I see that it's 8:48, which is coincidentally the same number as the criminal code for the crime I committed. Another guard fingerprints and photographs me. Two other guards ask me more questions to confirm my identity. And that's it. We walk through penitentiary corridors, and across an area that leads me into a lobby.

I turn right around a corner, where I meet other guards. They hand over funds from my commissary account and authorize me to cross over to the other side, where Carole, my lovely wife waits, her elbows to her side, tears flowing down her cheeks, prayer hands pressed close to her mouth as she stares in disbelief as I walk out of the penitentiary and into the embrace of her arms.

At last, at last.

Epilogue:

When we walk out, Carole hands me an iPhone. I'd never seen a smart phone before. When I put the device next to my ear, I didn't hear a dial tone.

"It's not working," I told her.

Carole laughed.

The world had changed during the 9,135 days that I'd been a prisoner. Although I'd read about technology, I hadn't ever sent an email. Although I had a website since the dawn of the Internet, I'd never accessed the Internet. I'd never made a YouTube video, or used any of the technology that the world took for granted.

I intended to learn.

I sat in the passenger seat as Carole drove me from the prison in Atwater to a halfway house in San Francisco. We had more privacy on that drive than we'd ever had during our first 10 years of marriage. It was the first time we sat together outside of a guard's presence. And yet rules limited our time together. If I didn't make it to the halfway house within the three-hour timeframe I'd been given, I'd begin my time in there on the wrong foot.

Carole drove steadily while I feasted on a pizza she brought me.

When we came out of the Central Valley and crossed the Bay Bridge, I saw the San Francisco Skyline.

"Within five years," I told Carole, "I'll build my first $1 million in assets."

Carole shook her head. By then she understood my ambition, my quest to overcome obstacles. "You need to relax, take a breath. Get to know the world."

"It's go time," I told her. "For 25 years I've been held down. I'm ready. We're ready. I'll work harder out here than I've ever worked before. We'll figure it out together. I can't wait for life to unfold. We've got to make life happen."

I settled into the halfway house and immediately began working. As I had learned in prison, I would need a deliberate, disciplined strategy to grow.

Step 1: Define success

Step 2: Create a plan

Step 3: Set priorities

Step 4: Execute the plan

As in prison, I adhered to the same principle of moving forward toward my goal with a 100% commitment. First step would be to get a driver's license. I needed to be mobile. Then, I had to consider strengths and weaknesses.

With regard to strengths, I had a positive mindset. I understood that I had faced the challenge of a quarter century in prison. Yet as planned, I returned strong, with my dignity intact. I could leverage that strength to carve out new opportunities.

But I also understood my weaknesses. As a result of prolonged imprisonment, I'd never held a job, never built a workforce or managed employees. My strength was in a strong work ethic, being self-directed, and being relentless in pursuit of my goals. I had to leverage those strengths, turn them into assets that would become more valuable over time. I used my time in the halfway house to the best of my ability, investing hours to learn how to use technology, to understand the Internet.

The economy was still weak in August of 2012. Our country had been in a deep recession for several years. With my liberty, it all felt right. Unbridled optimism blinded me to risks. I believed the economy would improve, and I wanted to participate. In my mind, the best way to participate would be to acquire appreciating assets.

During those first days in the halfway house, I began engineering a plan to make my first real estate acquisition. Despite having a zero-zero-zero credit score, I persuaded a successful real estate developer to provide 100% financing on the purchase of a new house in the San Francisco Bay area. I hadn't been in the halfway house for a full month when I had a deal under contract. That deal would become the start of many others.

Preparations from prison resulted in scores of opportunities opening. By the time I finished with the halfway house, and with the Bureau of Prisons, after 9,500 days, San Francisco State University offered me a position to become an adjunct professor. With permission from my probation officer, I traveled across the United States to lecture in universities.

Sponsorship from the California Wellness Foundation allowed me to develop a curriculum to teach the values-based, goal-oriented strategies that I learned from other leaders. Together with my partner, Justin Paperny, we distributed those concepts to jails, prisons, and schools across America.

Such lessons prepared me for success through struggle. To the extent that others adhered to those same principles, I felt confident they too would thrive. For centuries, leaders had been living in accordance with self-directed plans:

Define success

Set clear goals

Move forward with a 100% commitment to success

Visualize the outcome

Take the incremental action steps

Create accountability metrics

Be aware of opportunities

Live authentically and honestly

Celebrate incremental achievements

Show appreciations for the blessings in life

By documenting those strategies that I learned from leaders, opportunities opened. As a direct result of the seeds that I sowed during imprisonment, I could persuade other people to believe in me. I would challenge business leaders to use their discretion and invest with me. They could look upon the record I built. By staying focused and disciplined while growing through a quarter century in prison, I argued that I was well prepared to prosper in society. Rather than judging me as a man with a zero-zero-zero credit score, I invited them to support efforts I would make to build, grow, and contribute to the making of a better society. That strategy paid off. Within five years of the conclusion of my sentence, by August of 2018, I controlled more than $5 million in assets, and built equity of more than $3 million.

Then, a lawsuit from an agency of the federal government resulted in the loss of all those assets.

For that story, how I litigated through it, and how I worked to recover and build millions more, you'll need to get the next book—which I'm writing now. Visit MichaelSantos.com for an update.

The one promise I make is that I'll never ask anyone to do anything that I haven't done, or that I'm not doing. Regardless of what businesses or opportunities I create, I intend to continue creating resources to teach and inspire people in jails and prisons. We all must live in the world as it exists. That means we must accept that problems will surface as a result of our criminal backgrounds. We must succeed anyway.

By living the values-based, goal-oriented strategy that I learned from leaders, I'm paying it forward, trying to prove worthy of the guidance and inspiration I got from Socrates. His wisdom inspired me while I was still locked in the Pierce County Jail, before a judge sentenced me to 45 years. Since then, I've been striving to "be the change that I want to see in the world," just as Gandhi advised us all to live.

Stay focused, stay deliberate.

Earn freedom!

May 1, 2020

Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, by Michael Santos

Running, getting ready for release. Transferring to Atwater and getting ready for release.

It's Christmas, 2010, my 24th Christmas morning as a federal prisoner. I've now served eight thousand, five hundred, and thirty-nine days, but today is a very special day and I'm excited to call my wife. For the first time that I can remember, I'll be giving her a magnificent surprise.

I've been awake since 2:17, writing her a letter while I wait for the phones to turn on. Now it's nearly six and I expect to hear a dial tone soon. She received the envelope that I sent her, but we agreed that she would not open it until I called her this morning. While waiting for the phone to turn on, I've been writing a letter to her, describing the joy that I feel at crossing into 2011. We will begin making final plans for my release from prison, my return to society, and I am ready.

"Merry Christmas honey," she answers my call at precisely 6:01 am."

"Merry Christmas. Are you ready to leave?" Carole's driving up to Taft for a visit this morning and I want to make sure that leaves on time so that she arrives as soon as the visiting room opens at 8:00 am.

"I'm ready. Can I open the envelope now?"

"Do you promise you haven't opened it yet honey?"

"I told you I wouldn't."

"Okay precious. Merry Christmas. You can open it now." I wait, listening to her slice open the envelope. "Be careful, my love, you won't want to slice what's inside."

"What is it?" I hear her giggle. "Oh my God! It's a check for $45,000."

"That's for us honey, to help start our life when I come home to you. I want you to set that aside so that we don't have any financial stress when I walk out of here to you."

"But we've already saved enough money. How did you do that?"

"I work hard for you, my love. You're my inspiration and nothing fulfills me more than to think that I'm providing for you, making your life better. It's the only way that I can feel like a man rather than a prisoner."

Whenever I earn financial resources from prison, whether it's through a writing fee or a stock trade, I derive an enormous sense of gratification. This environment is designed to crush the human spirit. Prisoners are supposed to go home broken, without financial resources, without a support network, destitute. Yet despite the quarter century that I'm serving, I'm going to walk out of here strong, stable. My wife has earned her credentials as a registered nurse. She has secured a job at Cottage Hospital in Santa Barbara and expects to earn $80,000 per year. Besides that income, men who know the value of work have paid me well, sufficiently to have supported my wife through what others would construe as incomprehensible struggle. After all of those expense, we've managed to build an after-tax savings account that now exceeds $100,000. Having achieved these goals from within prison boundaries magnifies the delight I feel.

*******

It's April 12 of 2011 and I have to make a decision. My release date is scheduled for August 12, 2013. I have 284 months behind me and a maximum of only 28 more months of prison ahead of me.

But I know that I won't serve a full 28 months. Some complications surround my release date because I have that sliver of parole eligibility. It's strange. My case is so old that I'm one of the few prisoners remaining in the federal system that qualifies for an initial parole hearing. By my calculations, members of the U.S. Parole Commission have the discretion to release me as soon as February of 2013, in only 22 more months.

That doesn't tell the whole story. Besides the parole date, I qualify for up to 12 months of halfway house time. If I were to receive the February 2013 parole date, I could transfer to a halfway house as soon as February of 2012, in only 10 more months. But even in the unlikely event that the U.S. Parole Commission declined to grant me parole, I'm eligible to transfer to a halfway house 12 months before my scheduled release date, which would be in August of 2012. That means release should come for me somewhere between 10 and 16 months from today.

I need to decide where Carole and I are going to make our home. We don't have roots anywhere. It feels as if we're going to be hatched in society. Carole's children, Michael and Nichole are grown and building lives of their own in Washington state. She has agreed to let me choose where we should start our life together. I'm thinking about what city would be best.

My sister Julie lives in Seattle, and that's an obvious possibility. Both Carole and I grew up in Seattle, but after 25 years, we don't have a home anywhere. My younger sister, Christina, lives in Miami, which is another possibility we've discussed as a potential starting point. My mother lives in Los Angeles with my grandmother, and in light of the foundation that my friend Justin established, we're thinking about LA as well.

"The reality, honey," I tell my wife during a visit, "is that we're both going to be 48 years old when I walk out of here in the next 10 to 16 months. We'll only have 12 years before we're 60. Just as the decisions that I made early in my prison term played a pivotal, influential role in my journey, these decisions I make going forward are going to have an enormous influence on where we're going to be when we're 60."

"That's why I want you to choose, where we go." Carole holds my hand during our visit. It's the only physical contact we've ever had during our entire marriage, but that life of celibacy is coming to an end. "As long as I'm with you, I don't care where we go."

"What's most important to me is that I go to the city where I have the best opportunity to earn an income and bring stability to our life."

"As a registered nurse, I can get a job anywhere. And we have enough savings to give you that stability. You should arrange your release to wherever you want to go. How about Santa Barbara?"

"The market is too small, honey. As I see it, we have three choices. We can choose Los Angeles, we can choose San Francisco, or we can choose New York. I need to be in a big city."

"But how will you start in New York or San Francisco? We don't know anyone there."

"Geoff is in New York and Lee is in San Francisco. Both of them would help us if I asked." I remind her of my friend Geoff Richstone, the cardiologist from New York and my friend Lee Nobmann, the lumber baron of Northern California.

"You choose, honey. Wherever you want to go, I'm with you."

*******

I'm waiting on the track at Taft camp on Friday morning, April 22, 2011. My friend Lee Nobmann is flying in for a visit today and his pilot will land the private jet, a Cessna Citation, at Taft's airport. I see the blinding spotlight as it approaches and then I hear the roar of the engines. It's a magnificent airplane, a sign of Lee's business brilliance and the successful company he built in Golden State Lumber. Carole is picking him up at the airport.

"It's good to see," I say when I walk into the visiting room. He is a great man and a great friend.

I tell Lee about the dilemma I'm facing with regard to which city I should choose to launch my life. While we dine on vending machine hamburgers, he listens to the different options I present and to the plans I have for building a career around all that I've learned as a federal prisoner.

"Do you really want to be talking about your experiences in federal prison for the rest of your life? I've got to tell you," he says, "no one in the real world is really going to care anything about prison. Why don't you come work with me? I could always use a man with your intensity and I've got the perfect spot for you in a real estate development company that my kids are running."

I have enormous respect for Lee. He isn't only an extraordinarily successful businessman, employing several hundred people, but he's also genuinely happy, with a loving marriage that has spanned four decades and great relationships with his children. When he extends an offer for me to work with him, it's an offer that I have to consider.

"If that's what you think would be best for me," I tell him, "then that's what I'm going to do. But I'm passionate about this idea I have of building a business around all that I've learned. There aren't many people who've sustained a high level of discipline and focus through a quarter century of adversity. I'm confident that I can find a market for products and services I intend to create around that journey."

Lee leans back and looks at me. He has blue, penetrating eyes, white hair, and looks every bit the self-made man that he is. I admire him immensely and I aspire to earn his respect. It's as if I'm always auditioning for him, trying to prove worthy of the trust he places in me with his friendship.

"Here's what we're going to do," he settles it. "Tell your case manager here that you're going to relocate to the Bay area. I've got a fully furnished guesthouse on my property. You won't need anything at all. It has everything, including towels, silverware, even a coffee pot. Use that as your release address. You and Carole can stay there for a year without any cost. One of my companies will employ you for a year so that you can earn an income while you build your business. If it doesn't work out, then you come work with me."

With Lee's generosity, my decision becomes easy. As he would say, it's a no brainer. Our home is going to be in the city by the Bay, a city I've never visited before.

*******

It's Wednesday, April 27th, 2011 and I'm sitting on a bench with my friend Greg Reyes. We're reviewing edits I've been making to the manuscript that describes his life and he turns to me with a peculiar question. "Do you think you could run a marathon?"

I've run every day without a single day of rest since Saturday, December 13, 2008. During the 866 days that have passed since then, I've run 7,795 miles. The strict accountability logs that I keep give me a clear indication of where I am. I've averaged more than nine miles every day, but I've never been inclined to run a marathon distance of 26.2 miles. The longest distance I've ever run has been 20 miles, and I've done that about a half dozen times. I'm not a natural athlete, but running is an exercise of will, and these 8,661 days of imprisonment have given me a strong determination.

"Anyone can run a marathon, I tell Greg. But what's the point?"

"I'd like to run one before I get out."

Like my friend Lee, Greg is the type of man who clearly defines goals, and then he puts a deliberate course of action in place to achieve them. As I do with Lee, I feel as if I'm always auditioning for Greg's respect. Since prison consumed more of my life than I lived outside, I need these tests to feel as I can carry my own around guys who've truly succeeded.

"Then let's run one this weekend," I say.

Greg laughs. "You're too much. We've got to train for running a marathon. Every book I've read talks about a strict training regimen, increasing distances in incremental levels."

Greg walked into prison weighing 252 pounds. Besides working together on writing his life story, we set a disciplined exercise regimen in place. He wasn't a runner before, but he has run alongside me on several occasions and he's lost more than 60 pounds during the eight months that he's served. He now has a chiseled physique.

"That's ridiculous, Greg. We can do it. Those books aren't for people like you. Running is all in your mind. Let's just do it."

"You're nuts." He laughs. "I've got four months left to serve. Let's just set a training plan in place and get to one marathon distance before I go."

"Look we can do this," I tell him. "But let's start by running 20 miles on Saturday."

"I've never run longer than 10 miles in my life," he says. "I'm not running 20 miles on Saturday."

"You may not have run more than 10 miles," I tell him. "But you can run that routinely now and you run much faster than I do. Without a doubt, you can run 15 miles. Let's set our mind to that. You'll see. It's no big deal. Then we'll run 20 miles on the next Saturday."

He agrees and on Saturday, April 30th, we run through 15 miles as if it isn't anything. On Saturday May 7th, we meet on the track with a joint commitment of running 20 miles.

Greg may not have run before he surrendered to serve his sentence but he has developed into a strong runner. We run around a dusty dirt track, and since he goes at faster pace, he laps me numerous times. He paces alongside me at the 18-mile mark and asks how I'm feeling.

"I feel great. How 'bout you?"

"I'm okay."

"You know," I remind him, "we're in May now. Every day going forward will bring hotter temperatures here in Taft. If you feel up to it, I think we should just knock out the full marathon distance today and be done with it. What do you think?"

"Let's get through the 20 and see how we feel."

At 20 miles he is still lapping me. He finishes his first marathon distance in four hours and 14 minutes; it takes me 15 minutes longer to complete the 26.2-mile distance.

We celebrate with a good meal that my roommate prepares for us. He's elated at the accomplishment, as he should be.

"I've got to tell you, what you've done today is really impressive," I tell him.

"We both did it," he says.

"Well, it's not quite the same," I say.

"What do you mean? We ran the same distance."

"True, but you've only been running for a few months and you knocked out a marathon. I've been running for longer than 20 years. I don't even feel tired."

"Then run another one."

"That's what I was thinking," I said. "I'm going to."

"Are you nuts? I was only kidding," he tells me. "You've got to let your body heal."

I shrug. "Yeah, I don't think so. I don't even feel as if I've done anything. Next time, I'm going to run a double marathon."

"You're crazy."

"Seriously, I can do it. I could totally do it."

"When?"

"I was thinking that I'll run it on Wednesday."

"On Wednesday of this week? That's ridiculous."

"Do you want to run it with me?" I ask him.

"No, I don't. I'm not running 52 miles. Don't you think that's a little excessive?"

"I can do it."

"Then go for it."

On Wednesday, May 11th, I wake early and I'm eager to set out for the run. I have a plan. I'll start at 6:00, when the track opens, and I'll run for four hours. By 10:00 I'll knock out the first 24 miles. Then I'll return to the housing unit for the census count. After that clears, I'll return to the track and run another 16 miles, bringing me to 40 miles. At the slow pace I intend to run, I expect that stretch will last about three hours. Then I'll return to the housing unit for the afternoon census and a shower. I'll go back to the track after the count and knock out the final 12.4 miles.

"You're a maniac." Greg meets me on the track when I'm on the final stretch. Temperatures are still in the 90s and he passes me a bottle of Gatorade.

"I've got this," I tell him. "Only one more mile."

It takes me nine hours and 40 minutes, but I finish, reaching my goal.

"What're you going to do next?" Greg asks.

"I thought about that during the run," I tell him. "I've got three marathons in now. By the end of this year, I'll run 50 marathons."

He laughs. "There's something wrong with you," he says. "You're crazy."

"I'm going to do it."

*******

*******

It's December 31st, 2011 and I'm now in the Atwater federal prison camp, with 8,909 days of prison behind me. As far as exercise goals are concerned, it's been an extraordinary year. My fitness log shows that it's been 1,114 days since I've taken a day off from running. During that stretch, I've logged 10,773 miles. Over the course of 2011, the log shows that I ran 4,073 miles, including 55 marathon distances, 98,500 pushups, with 857.3 total hours of exercise. I intend to push myself harder in 2012.

Carole and I transferred to Atwater on October 3, knowing that it would be our last prison town as I prepare for my release to the San Francisco Bay area. As a privately run facility, the Taft camp could not handle the complicated issues of parole and extended halfway house possibilities. When authorities determined that a Bureau of Prisons facility should oversee my return to society, I asked for Atwater. Carole settled a few miles away in Merced and she has a job as a registered nurse at Mercy Medical Center, her second job in a major hospital. We're counting down the days, expecting that my case manager will provide some guidance with regard to my release date soon.

I expect this system to release me before Halloween, but to keep my mind from dwelling on that which is beyond my ability to control, I work toward some clearly defined goals. The first is helping my friend Andris Pukke (pronounced 'On-dris Puck-y'). Like Lee and Greg, Andris built an awesome business. He launched a credit counseling and debt consolidation company from his living room while advancing through his senior year at the University of Maryland. Under Andris' leadership, that company, branded as Ameridebt, grew to more than 250,000 customers. It became so profitable that Bear Sterns offered to purchase it for more than $100,000,000 before Andris celebrated his 35th birthday. I spend several hours each day with Andris, asking questions that help me write his biography.

Andris' story strengthens my resolve to write about lessons I've learned from exceptional businessmen. Many business leaders served time alongside me despite their never having had any inclination that decisions they were making could expose them to troubles with the law. Speaking and writing about what I've learned could bring more awareness to the dangers of doing business in America today. Indeed, people I've met in prison convince me that business decisions can lead to imprisonment, even when there isn't any criminal intent or efforts to self-enrich at the expense of others. Prosecution of white-collar crime is the new frontier of America's criminal justice system, and I have some unique insight that can help others understand the subject.

Andris is the fourth man I met in prison who has built a hugely successful business. In working with him to write his story, I'm able to push out thoughts about my imminent release. It's important now, during these final months, to focus on work. Otherwise, the combination of excitement and anticipation could derail me. As it always has, work and focus on goals carries me through.

Andris is released on March 30, 2012. That's it. He is the last friend I expect to make in prison. I'll serve the rest of this time alone, expecting that I'll walk out of here before October.

Chapter 15.1

Podcast 148 / 25 minutes

Forming nonprofit, Carole becoming a registered nurse, meeting Greg Reyes, starting to write Undefeated.

It's May 20, 2009 and my friend Justin Paperny is being released from prison today. We work well together and I'll miss his companionship. For the past several months Justin has been joining me in a quiet room where I write each morning. One early morning session began with an idea for launching a nonprofit organization. Undertaking such a task would assist us in raising financial resources that we could rely upon to create products for the purpose of reducing recidivism.

Our reasoning is simple, just an assessment of the facts. High-recidivism rates challenge our society in numerous ways, influencing the lives of citizens who don't grasp how America's commitment to mass incarceration influences their everyday lives. Whereas taxpayers want safer communities, better schools, and better health care, those who represent the prison machine want bigger budgets. That mindset of locking people up and throwing away the key leads to more overtime, more jobs for prison guards, and more expenditures on barbed wire fences, but it doesn't lead to safer communities. Rather, it diverts resources that society could use to build better schools, better hospitals, and offer more social services.

People who serve time struggle to emerge with the types of values, skills, and resources that translate into success upon release. Statistics illustrate the problem. More than one out of every two people who serve time face continuing challenges from the criminal justice system after their release. That rate of failure leads to enormous costs for taxpayers, depleting public resources that would be better spent on education, health care, or other social services. I'm convinced that by working together, Justin and I can help reduce costs of recidivism and contribute to safer communities. Doing so will require financial teamwork and money for obvious reasons: neither Justin nor I can work for free. We have to earn a living, and the nonprofit could raise resources for the purposes of paying us for services we can offer.

While Justin served time with me here in Taft it wasn't possible to advance the idea of launching a nonprofit. After all, forming a nonprofit organization isn't easy, especially when the principals are incarcerated.

One lesson I learned over the decades is that all worthwhile goals begin with vision, but achieving them requires persistence and commitment. With Justin's release, we can work together to advance this idea of launching a nonprofit. He will do his part from outside fences, and I'll do my part from in here. Although I understand that we may face many challenges along the way, I'm confident that we have a unified vision with regard to what we're trying to create, and we both will drive forward with persistence and commitment. This work will further my goal of living a life of relevance while I serve what I expect to be my final three years.

Research we've done to inquire on what it takes to form a nonprofit organization has given us an understanding of how to proceed. First of all, we must persuade the Internal Revenue Service that we can provide a benefit to people in society. If we succeed in that endeavor, the IRS will authorize the organization to raise money from philanthropic organizations, corporations, and individuals who support charitable giving. Raising financial resources in this dismal economic climate will prove challenging, especially when the people striving to raise the money have felony convictions. But without valid credentials from the IRS, we may not be able to raise money at all.

I understand that some may question why we need to raise financial resources. We need money because we're working to build a sustainable operation, one that can help transform troubled lives. Our target market will include at-risk youth and incarcerated individuals, people who cannot pay for the products we'll create and distribute. I will undertake the responsibility of showing taxpayers the reasons why it's in their best interest to support our cause.

If we receive authorization from the IRS, we'll work together to transform at-risk lives, empowering them to live as contributing citizens. I'm glad Justin joined me in formulating this plan of action. Now we must execute the plan.

*******

The fall of 2009 passes easily for me here in the Taft federal prison camp. I've now served more than 22 years of my sentence. Although I don't know precisely when I'll walk out, I'm feeling strong, expecting that release will come within the next three years. I'm truly in the end game, and I'm fully aware of my responsibilities to have a plan in place for my return to society.

Carole is working as a licensed vocational nurse in Los Angeles and studying microbiology in preparation to resume nursing school in January. Nichole, her daughter, is beginning studies at Washington State University, on her way to beginning a career in nursing as well. As far as I'm concerned, our family has triumphed over prison. Whereas the design of this system seems uniquely structured to lead individuals and families into perpetuating cycles of failure, the strategic, disciplined plan by which we've lived has brought us many blessings and strengthened us. Continuous progress keeps my spirit strong.

Justin's attorney has assured him that the nonprofit paperwork is in order, and we expect to receive authorization from the IRS to operate The Michael G. Santos Foundation by the end of this year. Three people have accepted Justin's invitation to serve as board members of the nonprofit, and although I don't know those board members, their oversight provides me with a real job: working to write proposals in search of funding.

Although Justin has identified many potential philanthropic organizations, and I'm writing grant requests to each of them, The California Wellness Foundation impresses me as being the most promising. It has a multi-billion dollar endowment that is reserved for programs that enhance public safety.

Julio Marcial serves as Justin's contact at The California Wellness Foundation. We've learned that Julio has a real passion for helping at-risk youth. He knows that many of them grow up without resources or support systems in place, and few understand what steps they must take to leave the gangs and negative influences behind.

As executive director of the Michael G. Santos Foundation, Justin told Julio about my journey. He made a strong case that we could create a program to show others how to embrace the same types of strategic, deliberate paths that empowered me to tune out the noise of external influences and prepare for success. Julio wants to see more.

Despite the boldness of the request, I'm writing a proposal that shows why The California Wellness Foundation should fund The Michael G. Santos Foundation with a $150,000 grant. In this economic environment, resources are scarce and we face a huge challenge because many established nonprofit organizations will compete for the same limited funds. Still, despite my imprisonment and Justin's recent release from imprisonment, I'm confident we can craft a winning plan.

As someone who has spent more than half of his life in prison, I have strong opinions on why so many people struggle to adjust upon release. From my perspective, although the system is very good at warehousing human beings, the system fails in preparing offenders for law-abiding, contributing lives. Instead of encouraging offenders to work toward developing values, skills, and resources that will assist them upon release, it extinguishes hope and strives to suppress the human spirit. I'm asking the California Wellness Foundation to provide funding so that Justin's foundation can craft a self-directed program that shows others how to transform their lives regardless of external influences or the noise of imprisonment. We can make a difference, but doing so will require us to confront headwinds from a system with a strong self-interest in perpetuating failure.

*******

I pass through Christmas of 2009, my 23rd holiday season in prison, and into January of 2010, another new year. I'm still counting, not quite sure how many days of prison I have ahead of me, but I know that I have 8,180 days of imprisonment behind me. At this stage, prison doesn't bother me in the least. I feel focused and driven, eager to seize every opportunity that comes my way.

Carole has begun studies that will last throughout the year and conclude with her board-certified credentials as a registered nurse. It's a big step for our family, but one that will provide Carole with a more fulfilling career, one that brings her more respect from her peers, colleagues, and community. I'm so happy for her, so proud of her, and so grateful that I've had income opportunities to support her through the journey. She is my center and I look forward to encouraging her through this year.

It isn't easy to live as the wife of a prisoner. For Carole, the challenge was particularly difficult because she came into my life when I had more than 15 years of prison behind me and more than a decade to go. Despite others always questioning her judgment, over the past seven years we've worked alongside each other, confronting repeated transfers and interferences from prison administrators to build a life of our own. Things are much better now, and they promise to improve as we cross through year 2010.

Julio Marcial has told Justin that he intends to recommend a $150,000 grant for The Michael G. Santos Foundation. The premise is quite simple. Through the proposal I wrote, we argued that the system does not invest resources in preparing individuals for success upon release. It's stated focus is to preserve security of the institution, and it doesn't offer reentry programs until it's too late, frequently only weeks or months before the scheduled release date. By that time, the prisoner is lost, without resources or a support network to assist his reentry.

With funding, I suggested that I could write a program that would encourage prisoners and at-risk youth to pursue a self-directed path. I would do so by writing a series of books and workbooks that would show the precise steps I took to educate myself, contribute to society, and build a support network that would assist my transition upon release. It was what I said I would do very early on in my term, during that uncomfortable transition between my conviction and sentencing, during that time that I fell under the tutelage of Socrates.

Recipients of the literature and coursework that I intend to write will see that they have the power within to change their lives. My job is to inspire hope, and together with Justin's work, we've persuaded Julio to recommend that The California Wellness Foundation fund the vision. That funding provides resources to pay for my work, enough to ensure that I'll have an easier transition upon my release. If all goes well, I'll have $40,000 in savings to meet all of my financial expenses associated with my reentry, and another $40,000 in savings that I can draw upon to carry me through my first year of liberty. Through my work, I'll show other prisoners how to empower themselves in the same measurable ways.

*******

It's Saturday morning, September 11, 2010, and as I'm returning from an early morning run, I approach a new face as I return to the housing unit from the track. More than 500 people serve time inside these boundaries, and although I don't communicate or interact with many on a personal level, I recognize the men around me. This new guy and I don't exchange words, but the way he nods at me in acknowledgement communicates volumes. That simple gesture is enough to let me know that he leads, that he's capable of whatever he sets his mind to do, and that he is someone from whom I can learn.

We're assigned to the same housing unit. I look forward to introducing myself and I seize the opportunity a few hours later when I see him outside on the track. He's taller than I am, with silver hair and olive skin. I guess that we're about the same age, but I suspect we've had very different experiences. I know this world and I can help him understand it, but I sense that he's from a different world that I'd like to learn more about.

"Good morning," I walk towards him. "Care to join me for a few laps around the track?"

He agrees and we begin circling the dirt oval that surrounds ball fields and tennis courts.

"Believe me," I tell him, "it gets easier than it feels right now."

He looks at me, as if trying to figure out what I'm after.

"My name is Michael Santos. I've been here for a while and can help you understand what you're up against if you're interested in a guide."

"Thanks," he says. "I know a little about you because my family has been reading your website."

"That's good to hear. I've been writing for the web for more than a decade but I've never actually seen a real webpage. I look forward to using the Internet for the first time, but that will have to wait for a couple more years at least."

"How do you publish your stuff online from in here?"

"I write everything by hand and send it to my wife. She coordinates everything for me, typing it and then posting the content on my website. The work gets me through the time and helps build awareness about this wretched system we're in. How long are you going to be with us?"

"I've got 18 months."

"Well take a breath. You won't serve that long. You'll receive some good-time credits that will reduce the term by about three months, taking it down to about 15 months. Depending on your personal circumstances, you may serve the final months of your term in a halfway house or home confinement."

"How do I arrange that?"

"You'll go through some administrative processing over the next couple of weeks. Don't push these people, the staff I mean. Just let it evolve. There isn't much of anything you can do to influence events in here. But if you let things take their course, and you don't bother the staff with too many requests, you'll probably be living in a halfway house a year from now. The secret to serving that time is to make progress every day that you're here, to work toward something that will improve your life some."

He snarls. "Like what? What can a guy do from inside this hellhole?"

I laugh. "It's not that bad. Where're you from?"

"Silicon Valley."

"What're you, a banker or a broker?" From his diction and mannerisms, I know that he's in here for a white-collar crime, but I don't know what type of work he did. He doesn't strike me as engineer.

"I was the CEO of a technology company."

"Which one?"

"Brocade Communications."

I stop on the track and look at him. "You're Greg Reyes."

He stares back at me and I see his brow wrinkle, a cross between curiosity and ferocity, guarded, as if he doesn't know what to make of my intentions.

"I don't mean to be intrusive, dude," I say, "but I've admired your courage and strength for many years. I read the Wall Street Journal's coverage of your case. When it reported on your conviction, I told my wife about you and that I hoped to meet you, to learn from you. In fact, in some twisted way, I feel as if I willed you here. As the years passed and you didn't show up, I assumed that you must've won on appeal."

Greg relaxes with my explanation of why I'm familiar with his background. Not only did I read the Forbes profile of him being one of America's youngest billionaires, but I also watched his stewardship of Brocade, taking it public and steering it to a peak market valuation that once exceeded $20 billion.

"I did win on appeal," he tells me. "The appeals court reversed my conviction because the prosecution lied repeatedly through my first trial. But the government tried me a second time. Prosecutors told new lies that brought a second conviction. I'm on appeal for that case as well. Rather than wait it out, I turned myself in because I didn't want to live with the horror of this prison sentence hanging over my head."

The national business news reports on Greg's case frequently. Although more than 200 CEOs in Silicon Valley authorized the practice of backdating stock options for rank-and-file employees, no one authorized those practices with any criminal intent or with a goal of self-enrichment. There isn't another CEO in America who serves time for the offense, and Greg expresses considerable anger at having his name dragged through the mud because of these accusations.

"Why don't you use this time to write your story," I suggest. "Set the record straight, explaining in your own words exactly what happened. If you don't do it, the only record out there is going to be the government allegations."

"Writing isn't my strong suit."

"I'll help you," I urge him on. "This is an important project. You have to tell your story. If you can talk about it, I can help you write it in your own words. It would be a great project, carrying both of us through the next year."

I see him churning over the idea. "How would you see the project unfolding?"

"It's simple. I'll ask you questions. Some of the questions may seem foolish and irrelevant, but I'll ask because I want to understand as much as you'll share. We'll talk each day for several hours. Early each morning, I'll write out notes of what I learned. After you've told me everything, I'll outline the story, try to put some structure around it. If I can tell it back to you, then we'll move forward with a more formal, chapter-by-chapter interview. I'll write a chapter, then read it to you. If you approve it, we'll move on to the next one and repeat the sequence until we've told the entire story."

He reaches over and shakes my hand. "Let's do it."

*******

Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, by Michael Santos

Episode 14.2

Months 233-266: Life in Taft Federal Prison camp with Justin Paperny and teaching and writing for Joan Petersilia

*******

It's June 11, 2008. I stand in front of 30 other people who are serving time with me in Taft. We're sitting sitting under dim lights on cushioned chairs in the corner of an industrial warehouse. It's one of the few buildings at Taft Camp without air conditioning. The summer heat, together with swarms of flies, keeps us pulling at our shirts and swatting air. We're here because it's the only room large enough to facilitate a series of self-help classes that I enjoy teaching.

The warehouse has high ceilings with exposed pipes, wiring, and metal walls supported by thick steel beams. If it had a grass floor, the space would be sufficient for indoor football. But the floor is concrete. Except for the niche carved out for our class area, we see stacks of wheelchairs in various stages of repair. My roommate, David, is part of a crew that spends several hours each day refurbishing the wheelchairs for donation to Wheels of the World, a prison-sponsored program that serves needy communities.

Prisoners, even those in camp, struggle with their separation from society. Motivating men who worry about the challenges that await them, who wonder daily about their wives, about their children, about how they will find employment upon release, or about how to muster the strength to pass through years of imprisonment, requires preparation.

By this time, the summer of 2008, I've had 21 years of preparation. I get a sense of fulfillment by teaching strategies, tactics, and concepts that have helped my adjustment through the journey. I always start by asking questions, like asking the men to define what it means to live as a successful prisoner. Or their interpretation of the best possible outcome for someone serving a prison sentence.

One person tells me that a successful person in prison is someone who doesn't receive any disciplinary infractions.

I use a blue felt pen to write his answer on the whiteboard.

Another person tells me it's someone who can hold onto his family while in prison.

Other responses include a person who educates himself. Or a guy that manages to hang on to at least some resources in the world so that when he gets out, he has a shot at making a new star.

After writing answers on the board, I walk into the center of the crowd and face the board. I point out how prison administrators love to hear such responses, and I ask Mr. Moreland, the staff member sits in the back of the class, his thoughts.

He confirms that they're good answers.

"Good answers, Mr. Moreland says," I repeat loud enough so everyone will hear. "But I'd give each answer a C-minus at best, and I'm being generous," I say.

Men shift silently in their chairs and the supervising staff member puts down his candy bar. I have their attention.

"Those answers reflect the common response of all prisoners across the nation. But they're not enough. To be a successful prisoner requires you to do more."

I walk toward the board and check off the class responses as I work through each.

—"Instead of focusing on avoiding disciplinary infractions, a successful person selects positive activities that will contribute to success upon release.

—"He doesn't only hold on to his family, a successful person works daily to strengthen family bonds and to contribute in meaningful ways to his family.

—"He not only educates himself, but a successful person uses what he learns to enrich himself and society.

—"He not only hangs on to resources, but creates new resources that will assure he leaves prison strong, with absolute certainty that he will succeed upon release.

"The key to a successful prison experience is to envision clearly how you want to emerge. Don't limit yourself to the minimum, but envision the best possible outcome, and use that vision as a beacon to make certain that every step leads you closer to the outcome you choose."

"But prison blocks us from doing things like that," Tim, one of the class participants objects. "How are we supposed to contribute to our families when we're not allowed to earn an income?"

Over the next ten weeks I engage the class, drawing on my experiences to inspire them to create their own successful life plans.

"Success does not materialize by accident," I emphasize, "but through deliberate actions."

In each session I challenge the men to accept full responsibility for their lives and to focus on what they can accomplish rather than the obstacles that limit them.

Justin Paperny, a white-collar offender who reported to Taft Camp in the late spring of 2008, becomes the most enthusiastic participant in my class. Justin graduated from the University of Southern California, then he went on to build a career as a young stockbroker. Indiscretion with his oversight of a hedge fund led to Justin's 18-month sentence for securities law violations.

"The thing is," Justin comments from his seat in the center of the class, "some of us might have to start over completely when we leave here. Our convictions mean that we can't return to the same professions. With this dismal economy, it's tough to stay motivated when we know what we're facing outside."

"That's a good start," I respond. "It shows that you understand what's ahead. Since you've thought about those issues, may I ask you a few questions?"

He shrugs. "Go ahead."

"You've been here for a month now," I observe. "Tell the class how your life differs today from the day you surrendered."

"What do you mean?"

"How is your life different?" I press. "That's not such a tough question."

He laughs. "Well, it's obvious. I'm a prisoner and I'm serving the sentence my judge imposed."

"Well, we're all in prison. But what have you been doing with your time since you surrendered a month ago?"

"Oh, I've got you," he says. "Mostly I've been exercising. I've dropped 10 pounds and I'm getting stronger with pull-ups. While I'm here I intend to exercise regularly, to get back into great physical shape."

"Who in here is exercising?" I ask the class. Most hands shoot up. "Excellent. I get the importance of exercise and I run every day. But exercise only takes up a small part of the day. It's only one part, like brushing my teeth. I exercise to stay fit, but one certainty I can count on is that no one is going to pay me for how many pushups I can do, or how many miles I can run when I get out of here. Unless you're planning for a career as a fitness model or a personal trainer, I suggest you devote more time to preparing to conquer the obstacles that you know await you."

"But what else can I do?" Justin asks.

That's the question each man in prison must answer for himself every day. A successful person in prison would know how to answer. The answer for one person isn't going to be the same response that another prisoner gives. If employment prospects await, if family relationships are important, or if we need to educate ourselves further, we should know how to answer the question:

• What else can I do to prepare?

When we live that way, we never stumble when someone asks a question such as 'How is your life different?' We don't stumble because we're on the course we charted for success, as we define success.

"What if we don't know what we want to do?" Charles asks. He's a middle-aged, disbarred lawyer from Newport Beach serving a two-year sentence for misappropriating funds from his client's trust account.

"Are any of you familiar with Viktor Frankl?" I ask the class. No one raises a hand.

Viktor Frankl was a medical doctor in Germany. The Nazis threw him and his family into concentration camps. They murdered his family, but he survived. Dr. Frankl later wrote that as long as man could find meaning in life, he could overcome anything. He spent three years as a Nazi prisoner, never knowing from one day to the next whether he would be alive the following day.

Frankl drew strength by helping others. Like Frankl, any of us can build strength by helping others. We should be open to acknowledging what brings meaning, happiness, positive challenges, and stimulation to our life, regardless of where we are. By helping others, we open possibilities for finding our particular path through challenge.

I give examples describing how other prisoners I've known used their time inside to effectively launch new careers. I tell of one prisoner who studied science during his term, and left prison to launch a company that converts discarded cooking oil into fuel for heavy equipment. I talk about another prisoner who secured several offers of employment simply by writing unsolicited letters to prospective employers from his community, describing his work ethic, and asking for a chance. The point I try to make, and the example I try to set, is that we cannot wait until release. We have a responsibility now to anticipate the problems we'll face after prison, and we must prepare every day to overcome them.

*******

"Why do you write so much?" Justin, the former stockbroker, asks as he sits across from me at the round table where I work.

"Because I can't sell stocks," I answer him.

He laughs. "I'm serious."

"I am too. I write every day because I want to become a better communicator. I plan to build a career around the experiences I've had in prison. The strategies that pulled me through can be applied to any kind of adversity. Since my prison record will make it difficult to support myself any other way, and since I need to support my family, I invest between 10 and 12 hours every day writing, reading, or preparing presentations."

"I wish I had that kind of clarity about my future."

"When do you get out?" I ask Justin.

"I finish my sentence in August of 2009."

"Why don't you do the same thing?" I ask.

"What do you mean? Write? Speak?"

"Sure. Why not? You've got a degree from USC. You were a registered investment advisor caught up in an ethics scandal. Don't you think others have made the same bad decisions?"

"Probably."

"Of course they did. If you watch the news, or look at our prison system, you'll see that millions of people lose their way. Figure out how you can help them, and you've got a new career. You can spend your time in Taft like I do, preparing for a career upon release."

Justin locks his fingers behind his head and leans back. He pauses in thought while I write. "Do you think there's a market for that?" he asks.

"Only if you prepare. You've got to create the market, and if that's what you want to pursue, you've got to work as many hours as I do."

*******

The schedule I keep doesn't lend itself to building friendships. Also, I search for privacy wherever I can find it, nurturing my need for solace by writing, reading, and exercising. When I spend time with others it's usually related to my work. I interview other people for a story I want to write, or I practice my speaking skills by teaching a class. Sometimes I'll work one-on-one with another prisoner, like David, helping him prepare for the GED exam. "Write short sentences using words that you're certain you can spell correctly" is the advice I drill into him during our lessons. He passes the essay portion of his exam and continues to study as a college student.

Justin, however, isn't studying for a GED. He has a university degree and a history of earning a high income. When people mistake me for a man who recently surrendered, or when their jaws drop as they learn I've been a prisoner since 1987, I feel a sense of validation, as if the plan I set decades earlier worked out. I want others to see me as a citizen with something to contribute. That validation comes when men like Justin seek my counsel.

Justin takes my advice and begins working closely with me. He gives up television and table games. He devotes himself wholeheartedly to exercise and preparation for life after prison. We become close friends. I suggest steps he can take to position himself for a new career as a speaker and consultant upon his release.

I show him how I reach beyond prison boundaries to connect with the world by writing for my website. He launches his own website at JustinPaperny.com. I urge him to write a manuscript. Since he has never written for publication before, I work with him to outline chapters for a new book that we call, Lessons From Prison. Our friendship grows when he introduces Carole and me to his family and friends who visit each week.

"I've told Brad about your work ethic, about all you've done in here and your plans for when you get out," Justin tells me after Carole and I meet some of his friends in the visiting room. His friend, Brad Fullmer, had a superstar career in professional baseball. He's one of the few major leaguers to hit a homerun in his first at bat for a professional team. He capped his long career in professional baseball by stealing home during the World Series for the California Angels. "What do you think about letting Brad and me make an investment in your career?" Justin asks.

"Have you told him that I'm scheduled to serve five more years?"

"He knows," Justin tells me, "and I know. Some investments take years to pay off. We think you're a winner and we'd like to participate."

"Let me think about it."

In weighing the possibility of selling a piece of my future earnings, I sit alone in my cubicle. I'm on a plastic chair, leaning back against a concrete wall, propping my feet against the steel post that supports the rack I call my bed. My steel locker has two shelves on the left that hold my folded gray sweats and underwear; it's above the shelf where I store my dictionary, papers, and dusty running shoes.

Over the past 21 years I've had to store my possessions inside these types of lockers. But from these lockers with only pens, discipline, and work, I've created a life for myself. I look at the pictures of Carole that I've taped to the inside of my locker's doors. She's the most beautiful woman in the world to me, not only because of her sparkling eyes and smile, but because of the way she has believed in me, given herself so completely to me, strengthening me in ways that no one else could as she served this sentence with me. I look forward to making her life better, just as she has made my life better.

I pull Carole's picture down and hold it in my hands. The image is a poor substitute for holding my wife. On non-visiting days, I sometimes need this tangible feeling of her in my hands.

During the five years we've been married, my writing has generated more than $200,000 in after-tax earnings for Carole. That's not much by the standards of society. Still, I'm immensely proud to have earned those resources from prison. I created those resources with pens, paper, and perseverance. Those funds supported her and Nichole, allowing them to move from state to state following my "prison trail." They allowed Carole to return to college. Despite tremendous hardships and obstacles, she graduated first in her nursing class and now earns her own income. I don't need to sell a piece of what I've worked so hard to create, yet I want to give my wife the security that savings in the bank can provide.

I stare at the concrete walls and block out the buzz from the fluorescent light to calculate a fair, present-day value for earnings that will not begin to flow until my release from prison, in five years. What a ridiculous concept. I'm a prisoner, and after more than a quarter century inside, conventional wisdom would question whether I could earn minimum wage, if I could find employment at all. Whatever earnings come, I'll have to create them. And who can judge the market or anticipate earnings for a man with five years remaining to serve?

My experience as a speculator in the stock market convinced me that an investment is only worth what the next investor is willing to pay for it. I'm encouraged that Brad and Justin want to invest in my potential. Yet I'm also aware that I don't have a line of investors waiting to hand me a check for the right to a percentage of my future earnings, if I ever have any earnings.

I negotiate a number. It's enough to ensure that I can live a full year upon release without earning a single dime, enough to provide Carole with security while I finish serving this sentence. In exchange for money in the bank today, I sell the right to ten cents of every dollar parts of the Michael Santos brand will earn. Time will tell whether I sold too cheaply, but the agreement is fair to me today. When I tell my wife about the check Brad is going to hand her in the prison's parking lot after our visit concludes, her smile makes the deal worthwhile. I'm easing Carole's life during the worst economic recession of our lifetime, and I'm coordinating the deal from prison. That's priceless.

*******

In the fall of 2008, I sit beside Justin as we watch election results. Voters just elected Barack Obama as America's 44th President. I began serving my term under Ronald Reagan. When the first George Bush spoke about a kinder, gentler America, I thought change might come. Bill Clinton encouraged me to hope. With George W. Bush, I shook my head and accepted that his call for second chances and compassion would never extend to those in prison. President-elect Obama calls for a bottom-up government that values all American citizens. I'm filled with hope because it seems America has elected a leader who understands the needs of our society, all of our society, maybe even those in prison.

Carole and I enjoy a wonderful visit on Friday, March 27, 2009. I call her in the late afternoon to ensure that she arrived home safely. She gives me great news when she answers. I learn that Joan Petersilia, a distinguished professor from the Stanford law school, sent a message through our website. Early in my term I began sending out unsolicited letters to academics I admired. I remember writing to Joan on two separate occasions.

I always felt like a fisherman at sea, casting lines, hoping to make a connection. I understand that, sometimes, those connections would take years to materialize. Sometimes people respond, other times they don't. For every 100 letters I send out, I expect to receive a single reply. I consider that ratio a wonderful success, even when the reply doesn't come for years, as it has with this message from Joan.

Dr. Petersilia wrote that she's been using my work for years as a resource for teaching her classes, which is wonderful news. She astounds me with an invitation to contribute a chapter for The Oxford Handbook on Sentencing and Corrections, a new book she is co-authoring with Kevin Reitz, a law professor from the University of Minnesota. Professor Petersilia is one of the nation's most distinguished penologists, serving as an advisor to the governor on matters concerning the state of California's prison system. Legislators and other government leaders from across the nation seek her counsel. As one of one out of 2.3 million prisoners in the United States, I feel honored that even knows who I am. Her invitation to publish alongside her leaves me amazed and deeply honored. I set to work at once, eager to finish the chapter long before the due date.

I consider these types of writing projects as enormous opportunities. For decades I've worked hard to earn credentials and develop skills that would allow me to make meaningful contributions to society, but I'm in a different phase of the journey now. Every day it becomes more apparent to me that I must make a shift in strategy. I'm in the final months of my imprisonment now, and I have to think about deliberate steps I can take that will help ease my transition into society upon release. It's coming.

Writing for Professor Petersilia is a wonderful opportunity. The investment of time will introduce my work to thousands of scholars who have an interest in improving our nation's prison system. When I emerge from prison, I'll need to earn a living, and doing so will require that I surmount some enormous hurdles. Since I intend to build a career around all that I learned as a long-term prisoner, I'll need the types of professional relationships that distinguished scholars like Joan Petersilia can open. She is the type of role model I need, and as I've done with all of my mentors, I intend to prove worthy of her support.

Besides building contacts, however, I also need to focus on steps I can take to build an income stream. It's going to cost me an enormous amount of financial resources to settle in society. I don't know where Carole and I will make our home, but wherever we go, I'll need to have a substantial savings account in place to cover the costs of my reentry.

I calculate how much I'll need to spend once I walk out of prison. During those first few weeks of liberty, I'll need to purchase items that most people accumulate over decades. With the cost of clothes, computers, and housing, those expenses, I'll drop a minimum of $40,000. Fortunately, as a result of decisions I've made along the way, I expect that I'll have more than twice that amount in a savings account that I've been building. I'm determined to succeed. By sowing seeds along the way, I'll walk out of prison after 26 years with sufficient resources to ensure that nothing is going to block my pathway to success.

I'm determined to leave prison ready, without external influences like economic challenges to block me. I'll have values, skills, and resources in place to make it.

Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, by Michael Santos

Chapter 14.1

Arriving at the Taft Federal Camp and settling in

Months 233-266

Early on the morning of June 21, I learn that I'm no longer designated to FCC Lompoc. Two guards from the Taft Correctional Institution arrive. They lock six of us in chains, and then they load us into a white van. We're on our way to the Central Valley of California, leaving Lompoc behind for good.

Lompoc Camp was already a memory after 65 days locked in SHU, but I'm a little sad when the van exits the main gate and turns left toward the highway. I'll miss running long distances in the shade of Lompoc's majestic eucalyptus trees, enjoying the fragrances of the pines mixed with breezes from the nearby Pacific Ocean. I'll miss my friend Lee and the nearly private space I enjoyed in the powerhouse office.

The two-lane road climbs east through low mountains, drops into the San Joaquin Valley, and it finally whips through high desert. It's a landscape of blowing dust, sagebrush, and unsightly steel pumps sucking oil from the arid soil. I lean involuntarily as the van turns right onto the long entry road leading to the prison, bouncing over yellow speed bumps.

At the parking lot of the double-fenced, low-security prison, manicured lawns and palm trees welcome us. Blooming gardens create the illusion of a lush oasis in this desert.

After the requisite intake processing, three of us designated to minimum-security take our bedrolls and board the white van, unrestrained, for a short ride to Taft Camp's low, gray, concrete administration building. Located behind the low-security prison, the modern, single-story design features tinted windows and round pillars supporting an extended roof shading spacious walkways. The building looks more like the headquarters for a software engineering firm than a prison. Taft Camp appears to be well maintained.

In the administration building, the round schoolhouse clock in the glass-enclosed guard's station reads just past five. I cross the tile floor and push open the glass door to the camp's compound. After more than two months in Lompoc's SHU I revel in this less-stressful environment.

Wide, clean, concrete walkways cut across pristine lawns in the center of the camp compound. Decorative, knee-high light posts illuminate the walks leading to the glass-enclosed chow hall and across the lawn to the two-storied housing unit with its horizontal rows of tall, unbarred, wide windows of tinted glass. In the distance, an oval track surrounds softball and soccer fields. Men in khakis, white t-shirts, and sneakers visit outside the housing units. They appear friendly, smiling and nodding as I climb the stairs to A4D, my assigned housing unit.

The air conditioning feels good, cooling me as I step inside the high-ceilinged dorm, one of four identical housing units. Six telephones hang across from each other on the two walls immediately inside the foyer, and I don't see any guards.

Unlike the open dormitories at Lompoc, two and three-man cubicles divide the housing unit, creating a grid that provides a semblance of privacy for the 140 men in my unit. The bathroom facilities are much larger than Lompoc's. They include 16 shower areas with doors and plenty of toilet stalls, urinals, and sinks. The unit reserves a room for four microwaves and an ice machine, rooms with six televisions and game tables, and a small study room that overlooks the lawns.

In cubicle 36, a three-man room, I meet my two roommates. "I'm Rick," one man offers, extending his hand. Dan, a slender, blond man in his early 50s, introduces himself as well. I set my bedroll on the top rack. "Let me show you how to make up your bed," Dan offers. "It can be a little tricky to keep your sheets in place. What you want to do is…."

"Thanks for the tip," I raise my hand to stop his instruction. "I'd like to say I'm new, but I've been at this awhile."

"Oh, I thought you were fresh off the streets. Did you come in from the county jail?"

I chuckle as I tie the corners of my sheets around the mat. "Not jail. I was at Lompoc Camp."

"Really? Lompoc Camp! I've heard that's the best place in the system." Dan turns to Rick. "My lawyer tried to get me sent to Lompoc, but the schmuck got me sent to this dump filled with drug dealers and criminals."

"Yeah," Rick agrees. "I've heard about Lompoc. Forbes runs an article each year that ranks the best prisons for white-collar offenders and Lompoc Camp always comes out on top. Is it true that they've got a golf course?" Rick simulates a golf swing.

"I didn't see a golf course," I laugh. "But Lompoc does have its bright spots."

"You're not going to like the change," Dan warns. "This place is a real prison."

"No kidding? What's not to like?" I ask.

Rick and Dan exchange a knowing glance. "You'll find out soon enough," Dan says.

"The food is awful, the staff is incompetent, and 95 percent of the men here are dim bulbs, borderline imbeciles," Rick tells me.

"Well, I guess I lucked out then, being assigned to this cubicle. What do you guys do for a living?"

"I'm an accountant," Rick says.

"And what brings you to Taft Camp?" I stuff my pillow into the pillowcase.

"Overzealous prosecutors," he answers. "Saddled me with three years for advising clients on offshore accounts. It was totally above board. I shouldn't even be here."

"Did you take the case to trial?"

"Oh no. If I'd lost at trial I would've been facing ten years. Better to plead guilty, take the three years and move on with my life."

"What about you?" I ask Dan.

"I'm in investments."

"Oh? What kind?"

"All kinds," he says. "My company purchases real estate, financial instruments, businesses. Private equity."

"And how long are you with us?" I ask.

"Serving 46 months," Dan says. "It doesn't make any sense at all. We've got drug dealers and other real criminals running around here serving half the sentence I'm serving."

"What did they charge you with?" I ask.

"You're not going to believe it," he says.

"Try me," I smile.

"Fraud. Said I was running a Ponzi. I offered investors a legitimate 10 percent annual return on their money. I got a little behind the eight ball when markets started going sideways on me, and before you know it, boom, I got the FBI breathing down my neck."

"How much was the amount of loss?"

"A lousy four million. If the investors would've just been patient, the deals would've worked out. Totally legit. Now it's all gone." He waves his hand dismissively.

"What're you, a lawyer?" Rick asks as he sits on his lower rack.

"No. I'm serving a 45 year sentence for selling cocaine."

Silence. Don and Rick look at each other. Then Rick explodes with laughter.

"No way! You wouldn't be in camp with a sentence like that."

"I'm totally serious. Of course, I've been in a long time."

"But you said you came from Lompoc Camp. That's a spot for white-collar offenders."

"Not only white-collar offenders, and I did come from Lompoc Camp. But I was in several prisons before Lompoc Camp."

"Like where?" Rick asks, still skeptical, unable to hide his curiosity and incredulity.

"I started in USP Atlanta," I toss out, humoring myself with my new roommates.

Rick scoots to the edge of his rack, leans in. "No way. You were in a penitentiary?"

"I spent six Christmases inside those walls. Then I transferred to McKean, in Pennsylvania. From there I transferred to Fairton, in New Jersey. I spent almost eight years at Fort Dix. Then I was in Florence Camp, Lompoc Camp, and now I'm here."

They stare at me for a moment in silence.

"How long have you been in prison?" Rick finally blurts out.

"Twenty years."

"Twenty years?" Don whistles. "I've never met anyone who's been in longer than five. Listen, I hope I didn't offend you with anything I said. I didn't know."

"After 20 years in prison, do you really think I could be offended by something you'd say?"

"So no hard feelings then?" Dan puts out his hand.

"Think nothing of it." We shake hands again.

*******

I meet my counselor and my case manager. Both women speak to me kindly, taken aback that I've been in prison for so long.

"Where are all your tattoos?" My counselor teases. She grants my request for a phone call to Carole and immediately approves a visiting list authorizing Carole to visit over the weekend.

"You could put a different set of clothes on and I wouldn't know you've been in prison at all." My case manager says.

"Does that surprise you?" I ask with a laugh.

"Totally. I was a little girl when you came to prison. I would've expected you to be angry and bitter. But you're all smiles, normal, like you haven't ever served time in prison."

"Isn't that ironic?" I ask.

"What's that?"

"That I'm unscathed after 20 years of imprisonment, with all my teeth and no tattoos, yet you wonder what went wrong. You expect two decades in prison should turn me angry and bitter. When you see that it hasn't, you wonder why."

"Oh! I didn't think of it that way."

*******

When Carole and I were in Fort Dix we were able to visit five days a week. Those ample visits allowed us to deepen our relationship and allowed me to play an influential role in Nichole's life. In Florence Camp, rules allowed us to visit every Friday, Saturday, Sunday, and federal holiday. At Lompoc, restrictions were tighter. Authorized visits were only Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Still, we appreciated the time together.

In Taft Camp, I learn, a point structure penalizes families who visit on weekends or holidays. Because Carole is in school on Fridays, we'll only be able to visit on weekends, limiting us to a maximum of two or three visits each month, depending on whether we visit on Saturdays or Sundays. The visiting restrictions will complicate our life, but we'll make it through. Carole arrives early on Sunday for our first visit at Taft.

"Tell me all about it. How do you like it here?" Carole smiles, eager to hear about this newest transition.

"Without a doubt, this is the easiest prison in the world."

"How are the people?"

"Do you mean the other prisoners or the staff?"

"Both."

"The prisoners are the same as in every other camp, but the guards are different. It's only been a few days, but the staff I've spoken to seem a much friendlier group than the standard-issue BOP brand."

"What do you mean?"

"Rather than the BOP, a private company manages this place. I don't know why, but it's different from other prisons. The guards don't give the impression that they're out to harass me, and the unit team members, meaning the counselors and case managers, treat me like a person, not a prisoner."

"My contact at the Regional Office said Taft was the best spot for you. That's why I want you to make me a promise."

"What's that?" I ask warily. "What kind of promise do you want me to make?"

"Just listen. Thanks to Lee, we have enough in the bank to pay for everything we need until I finish nursing school. Nichole's going to graduate next June, and by then I'll have my nursing license. I don't want you to do anything that might send you to the hole or get you transferred. Don't write anything about prison, and don't tell me to make any stock trades. Nothing. I don't want any problems that might waken the beast."

"I don't want problems either," I say, wanting to reassure her.

"You know what I mean. No more writing until I graduate. After that, I can get a job anywhere if they decide to transfer you for publishing or for some other ridiculous reason."

"I have to prepare for my release and the only way I know how to do that is by writing. We can't allow the system to keep me from working."

"The system isn't stopping you," Carole says. "I'm asking you to stop. It's just for one year, until I graduate."

"You want me to give up a year of work?"

"Please, Michael. No writing about prison or prisoners."

I shake my head. "Nothing?"

"Nothing." I pause. Writing enables me to transcend the boundaries, allowing me to connect with the society I long to join. By writing about what I've learned from others, observed, and experienced, I take meaningful steps to reform this system, showing taxpayers what those within the prison industrial complex don't want citizens to see. As a writer, I'm relevant, more than a prisoner, part of something bigger than me. But I won't deny Carole and so I agree to suspend my work until she graduates. I don't want to give prison administrators cause to uproot our lives again.

"Okay. I promise."

*******

Tavo may not have much of an education, but he maneuvers his way around Taft Camp just fine, providing for himself with a hustle here and a hustle there. He's five foot-six and doesn't weigh more than130 pounds. He wears his straight black hair parted down the middle and feathered back. His eyes are a startling green and, despite his 40 years, there's not a whisker on his face. Tavo has a trace of an accent even though he was born and reared in Los Angeles. He keeps up with who's being released from the camp, negotiating a price for each departing prisoner's sneakers, sweats, radios, and other belongings. He tacks on a markup and sells the goods to newcomers, even providing a payment plan when necessary. He has a commissary squeeze where he charges a fee for providing candy, soda, chips, or other items on days when the prisoners aren't authorized to shop. For his most lucrative gig, Tavo provides the service of doubling mattresses.

Bed frames at Taft Camp consist of metal slabs welded to four metal posts. The narrow slabs have lips that rise an inch around the edges to hold the sleeping mats in place. Tavo understands that some prisoners in camp are sensitive to the harshness of institutional living. He charges $40 to cut through the seam, stuff a second mat into the casing and sew it shut, thus converting the mat to a mattress.

"You've got to meet Tavo," Rick, my roommate nudges. "For 40 bucks he'll hook up the mattress in a way that makes sleeping almost bearable."

"Appreciate the tip. I'm good," I say.

"Can't pay enough for a good night's sleep," Dan seconds the suggestion. "Sit on mine."

"I'm sure it's comfortable," I shrug. "But I've known hundreds of Tavos. The double mattress is great until guards come through on a shakedown and issue shots for destruction of government property. I don't need the headache."

"They can't do that," Rick says. "I'd just say the mattress was issued to me this way. Check it out. You can't even tell."

"I'll be okay. Thanks."

Rick and Dan serve their time as a team. They eat meals together, walk the track together, and they partner in card tournaments. But in the afternoon, when rules require us all to stand in the cube for the daily census count, we sometimes discuss our lives and thoughts. They question me about other prisons and what it's been like to serve so many years.

"I'll tell you one thing. Serving time in other prisons has made it easy for me to appreciate Taft."

"You see, that's not normal," Dan tells me. "You've been in too long, so long that prison doesn't bother you anymore. Truth is, this is inhumane. The lengths of the sentences don't make any sense at all."

"What he's saying," Rick jumps in, "is that some people might belong in prison. But guys like us shouldn't be in here at all."

"What do you mean, 'like us'? I'm in here for selling cocaine. The first day I came into the cube you were saying that people who sold drugs were the real criminals who belong in prison."

"Not for 20 years," Dan amends. "Besides, you're different now. You've educated yourself and you've got things going on in the world. Prison should be for the criminal types, the guys who keep selling drugs or committing crimes."

"You mean guys like Tavo?" I ask.

Rick shifts uncomfortably. "Well, Tavo's a nice enough guy, but what's he going to do in the world? No one's going to hire him. He's not doing anything to change his ways. Chances are, he's probably going to leave here and hustle drugs again."

"Chances are," I say, "that he came from a poor family, quit school before 10th grade, can't read well, and had to hustle for survival. How about you? Where did you go to school?"

"Cal State Northridge," Rick says.

"You went to USC right?" I nod at Dan.

"Go Trojans," Dan waves two fingers in the air.

"Should society hold people who come from poverty to the same standard as people who come from privilege?"

"You break the law, you break the law," Dan explains smugly.

"We all make our choices."

"But you guys whine in here every day about your discomfort and the living conditions. Guys like Tavo are getting by the only way they know how. This might be as good as he's ever had it." I argue.

"He's a criminal. He sold drugs," Dan counters.

"I don't know what Tavo did, but he probably sold drugs to consenting adults and he probably serves at least twice as long as you. Who would the investors in your scam think is the worse criminal, Tavo or you?" I ask.

"You don't know anything about my case," Dan hisses. "I didn't set out to lose anyone's money. Markets just went against me. I couldn't control it. It's not my fault."

"That may be," I shrug. "But you pled guilty. That means you had to stand in court, and while under oath, admit to committing fraud."

"I only pled guilty because I would've gotten a longer sentence if I went to trial."

"Either way, you're not in a position to be judging anyone else in here."

That argument serves me well, as neither Rick nor Dan speak to me again. We pass each other silently for three months before a staff member grants my request to move into a two-man cube further back in the housing unit with David Muniz, a married father of two. Since I'm keeping my promise to Carole that I won't write, I devote my time to exercising and spending several hours each week tutoring and coaching David on steps he can take to prepare for release.

We laugh as guards wheel a cart through the unit one day, confiscating all double mattresses. When one of the guards threatens Dan with a shot, Dan doesn't hesitate to snitch on Tavo.

Rick, however, argues with the guard "You can't take my mattress! I've got a bad back."

"This mattress isn't standard issue, it's been altered. It's contraband." The guard doesn't have any concern about the condition of Rick's back.

"If you don't provide me with a double mattress, my lawyer will slap a lawsuit on this prison so fast it'll make the warden's head spin."

"Really," the guard says in a voice dripping with sarcasm. "Let's see you launch that lawsuit from the SHU."

*******

*******

Carole and I celebrate Christmas day sitting beside each other in the visiting room. Wreathes, blinking lights, a Christmas tree, and a full-sized red, wooden sleigh decorate the room. A prisoner in a Santa outfit walks around the crowded room handing out candy canes, but my gift is sitting beside me.

"This is your 21st Christmas in prison," Carole says. "Our sixth together since we've been married."

"We only have six more to go."

"Five," she corrects me.

"No, 2013."

"But you'll be home in August. We'll spend Christmas together that year."

The years blend together for me now, but Carole helps me visualize our life ahead. It's not easy to imagine being free. Strange. "Time will move so much faster starting in 2008," I say.

"How so?"

"We've got all these events to mark the time. They'll come like milestones, passing quickly, giving us real markers to look toward."

"Like what?"

"What do you mean 'like what'?" I hold up my fingers to count. "In January the political season kicks off with the primaries. We'll follow all the races, starting in Iowa. After the primaries roll around, we'll have a better idea who our next president is going to be."

Carole squeezes my hand. "I'm so sick of politics. It doesn't matter who wins, nothing changes."

"Then in March the $500,000 fine that my judge imposed expires. We can open a joint bank account as husband and wife. In May, you graduate from nursing school. In June, Nichole graduates from high school. Sometime during the summer the political conventions will name the candidates. The fall will make politics really exciting. Then it will be Christmas again."

"The years take much longer to pass than you make it sound," Carole says.

"Remember what we were doing five years ago?" I ask her.

"I had just moved to Fort Dix."

"Remember what I told you on New Year's Day, when you and Nichole came to visit?"

"Tell me again."

"I put up my hand and opened five fingers like this," I repeat the action. "I said that in five years, if you stayed with me, your life would be completely different. And look at you now, five years later."

She smiles and brushes her cheek against mine. "Do you think I'm so different?"

"You're a magnificent wife. No matter what happens in my life, nothing will bring me more happiness than my marriage to you."

Earning Freedom: Conquering a 45-Year Prison Term, by Michael Santos

Reading Chapter 13.2

Episode describes being in the hole at Lompoc Camp, and getting charged with disciplinary infractions, advocacy, prevailing.

Months 232-233

*******

Confinement in SHU, "the hole," is intended as further punishment to imprisonment. It is constant deprivation, leaving a person without access to phone calls, commissary, or recreation yards. The forced segregation can last for days, weeks, months, or years. Some men flip out when authorities send them to the hole. They retaliate by kicking on the doors, banging fists or heads against the walls, or becoming delusional. But I'll be okay, regardless of what this system does.

During the decades I've served, guards have locked me in the SHU several times, but never for a disciplinary infraction. I've been through enough transfers and holdover cells that the close quarters don't bother me anymore. I block out the screaming and noise from other cells. Carole sends me subscriptions to four news magazines. She sends three books each week. I finish reading two extensive biographies by Ron Chernow, one on J.D. Rockefeller and another on J.P. Morgan. I read the Bible and exercise daily on my tiny patch of cement floor. I didn't expect the abrupt change, but it doesn't paralyze me. The solitude allows me time to stare at the concrete walls and think. Only the taunting from petty bureaucrats like Jim Miller disturbs my serenity.

Mr. Miller is the Camp Administrator at Lompoc, essentially the CEO of the camp. I met him during my first week here, back in July of 2005. After my hasty transfer from the Florence Camp, I needed some assurance that my published writings wouldn't cause problems. If Carole was going through the expense of moving to California, we had to be reasonably certain staff wouldn't transfer me again. After his gatekeeper, the dragon lady, let me in, Miller agreed to talk to me in his conference room.

Miller presents an imposing figure. He stands six-five, wears cowboy boots, has a powerful build with an alabaster round head, fleshy cheeks, and blue eyes that remain half-closed whenever he addresses a prisoner. When I stood in front of his desk the first time we met, he leaned back in his chair to applaud me, a corner of his mouth rising in a sarcastic sneer.

"Well, Mr. San-tos, you must be very proud of yourself." He derisively hyphenates my last name with his affected drawl.

"Why's that?" I was not surprised that he knew my name.

"You're the first person I've met who comes up first when I Google his name."

"I wouldn't know. I've never used the Internet."

"Let's not kid each other, Mr. San-tos. You know exactly what you're doing."

"Do you have a problem with my writing? That's what I wanted to talk to you about. My wife is planning on moving here, and before she does I want to make sure I'm not going to be transferred."

He shrugged. "That's entirely up to you"

"I don't do anything that violates the rules. But I have a new book coming out," I told him. "Will that cause me any problems here?"

He shook his head. "We'll just have to wait and see. I don't have a crystal ball, can't make no guarantees."

When I went to see Mr. Miller for that face-to-face conversation two years ago, I was making the record clear about my work. I purposely avoided him after that meeting. Now that I'm locked in SHU, he appears at my cell, leans against the doorframe, and peers through the window cut into the door. I ignore him, though his big, clean shaven head fills the window and I can sense his contempt.

He taps the window with his ring and I look over. "Got any questions for me, Mr. San-tos?"

I shake my head.

He jerks his head, gesturing that I should walk toward the door. "Your wife's causing all kinds of ruckus out here, making extra work for me."

"I've got a few problems of my own," I say into the doorframe.

He nods his head, irritation evident in his tight-lipped expression.

"I need you to sign these releases." He slides a file with papers under the door along with a pen.

"What are they for?" I ask.

"They authorize me to communicate information to the people bothering me about your case."

"I'm an open book. I've got nothing to hide. You can communicate with anyone who asks about me."

"Sign the forms," he gestures with his index finger. After signing, I slide the file back under the door.

"I'll need that pen back, Mr. San-tos." I slide him the pen.

"You know you'll never return to a camp, don't you?" he grins, appearing quite pleased.

"Do those 20 years that I've already served still count?" My question diminishes some of the pleasure he derives from taunting prisoners.

"What's that?" he asks.

"The past 20 years I've served, don't they still count?"

Miller doesn't respond but nods his big, shiny head and walks down the hall gripping his file folder full of signed forms.

*******

A week passes and a guard finally comes, ordering me to cuff up. I grab an envelope that contains a statement I wrote to detail my version of events. Then I back up to the trap for handcuffing. The guard grips the chain and leads me from my cell down the corridor, through the gates, past the control bubble, and into an office with walls covered in dark acoustic padding for soundproofing. Behind a desk a lieutenant sits with his back to me as he types. He has a pale, bald head, and three rolls of fat droop at the base of his thick neck.

"I've got Inmate Santos," the guard announces.

"That'll be all, Officer," the lieutenant says. The guard releases his grip on my handcuffs and walks out, leaving me standing in front of the desk with my hands cuffed behind my back.

After he finishes typing, the lieutenant spins his cushioned chair around to face me.

"Do you know who I am?"

"I know you're a lieutenant."

He nods his head. "That's right. I'm Lieutenant Tremble and I understand you're some kind of celebrity around here."

"I'm a long-term prisoner. That's it."

"Good, I'm glad to hear we understand each other, because no matter how many people you have calling this prison, or how many letters people write, I'm not treatin' you any diff'rent than I treat anyone else."

Firm but fair. That's the BOP motto. But I know that if it weren't for my wife's success in mobilizing my friends and those in my support network, this lieutenant would've kept me stewing for a month "under investigation" before he called me in.

"I'm investigatin' the two disciplinary infractions you're bein' charged with," Lieutenant Tremble says.

"What are the charges?"

"Conducting a business and unauthorized use of government equipment. Specifically, you used a computer. Now Whadda ya have to tell me?"

"I'm not running a business, and I had staff authorization for my work on the computer. I prepared a written statement that I want you to make part of the record."

"Let me have the statement."

I turn my back to him and he grabs the envelope from my cuffed hands. "It's all in there," I say, turning to face him again.

The lieutenant opens the envelope and pulls out the three yellow pages. "You want me to include all of this?"

"I want a full written record. This isn't my first problem with the BOP and I've learned that documenting everything serves my interests well."

The lieutenant shakes his head. "Do you realize I've got to type all this?"

"I take disciplinary charges seriously and I intend to prove I wasn't doing anything that could be considered against the rules."

"Fine. I'll read your statement later. Give me the quick version now."

I shrug my shoulders. "I don't run a business. I write and type manuscripts for books. The books describe prison and encourage readers to lead responsible lives. BOP policy allows me to do this without staff permission and my Central File includes a letter from a BOP attorney specifically authorizing my work. I send the manuscripts home. My wife converts them into books. I assign away the rights to all royalties so I don't have any financial or business interest in the work. I don't have anything to hide."

"What about the computer?" Lieutenant Tremble asks.

"Mr. Brown authorized me to use it after I completed my required duties. No one in the powerhouse is going to complain about my work."

"Well why don't you think anyone from the powerhouse is steppin' up to bail you out?"

"I don't know what they're doing or why."

"Mr. Brown doesn't have the authority to grant you permission to use the computer for personal work. Staff members don't even have permission to use computers for personal work. These computers are for government work only. Besides that, I already spoke with Mr. Brown. He says that he never gave you permission to use the computer for anything but government work."

I shake my head, not surprised to learn that my supervisor takes the cowardly route of self-preservation, denying the truth.

"You know what that means?" The lieutenant smiles derisively.

"I don't. What does that mean?"

"I'm going to have to amend the disciplinary report. I'll be adding a third charge of lying to a staff member. You lied when you told me that you had permission to use the computer for personal work."

"Did it ever occur to you that the staff may be lying?"

"Be careful, Inmate Santos. You don't wanna dig yourself in deeper, do you?"

"Check the files in the computer. You'll see that I typed plenty of documents for staff members."

"What kind of documents?" The lieutenant shifts, smelling a bigger fish.

"Documents that don't have anything to do with government work."

"You're telling me that BOP staff members had an inmate typin' their personal information? I don't buy it."

"Check it out. When staff asked for my help, I complied. Those computer files will show that I typed letters pertaining to their personal real estate holdings, résumés, and applications for jobs with other agencies."

He's incredulous. "Are you telling me that my staff members asked you to type their résumés? They gave you personal information?"

"Well I don't know whether they'd consider themselves your staff members, but I certainly typed up their personal work at their request?"

"Then it looks like I've got more investigatin' to do."

"Then you better go about your investigating. It shouldn't be hard. The files are all over the computer."

*******

I've been locked in the hole for a month and I'm keeping my family and friends apprised of my situation by writing a daily journal describing the routine I've created. Carole posts the articles on MichaelSantos.net, connecting me to the world even if I am locked in a box. When the guard escorts me out to visit Carole on Saturday morning, she delivers wonderful news.

"I've been talking with a high-level contact in the regional office," Carole's eyes sparkle. "I don't even want to say her name in here."

"Okay, I get it. What's up?"

"I've sent her all of your books. She's reviewed your entire file and she's totally impressed with your record. She saw all the efforts you made to let the staff know about your writing and she reviewed the documents you typed for your supervisors at the powerhouse."

"And? I'm still being charged with running a business, using the computer, and lying to staff."

"Not anymore. You've been totally cleared of those charges and you're being transferred to another camp. Honey, this mess is finally over."

That news from Carole elevates my spirit. Any day I expect guards will pull me out for transfer. Instead, on Tuesday evening, May 22nd, Lieutenant Marx taps his steel key against my window, smiling with his nod for me to approach the doorframe.

"Got a new disciplinary infraction for ya," he grins wickedly, "hun'red series."

"What are you talking about?" My stomach drops like a brick. A 100-series disciplinary infraction characterizes it as being one of the greatest in severity, exposing a prisoner to potential new criminal prosecution.

"We found your weapon." He nods gleefully.

"Weapon? I've been locked in SHU for 31 days. You're telling me you found a weapon today? That's ridiculous," I yell into the doorframe.

He slides the disciplinary report under the door. "Prove it." He shrugs, grins, and vanishes from sight down the tier.

When Dorkin locked me in segregation in April he separated me from access to my personal property. He and Mr. Smith packed all of my belongings into green duffle bags. They filled out property forms that detailed every item they packed in the bags, down to the number of Bic pens. I have copies of those property forms and they don't mention my having anything that could be construed as a weapon. Yet this new disciplinary infraction Lieutenant Marx just delivered accuses me of possessing a "sharpened metal weapon."

I've been locked in high security penitentiaries and I've thrived through 20 years of imprisonment without problems. Now I have to argue against a charge that I packed a weapon in camp cupcake? I'm being framed. Regardless of the guards' motivation, a 100-series disciplinary infraction exposes me to the possibility of criminal charges. I spend the evening writing a lengthy protest on my yellow legal pad.

On Saturday morning, Carole comes to visit and I tell her about this latest disruption.

"They're retaliating against you because the regional director expunged the other charges," Carole understands the gravity of this new problem as I tell her of the weapons charge. She worries that this isn't ever going to end.

"Whatever it takes, we're going to fight this. If there was a weapon in my property, one of these crooked guards planted it. I haven't had access to my property for more than a month."

"Michael, I hate this place and everything about it. I'm calling my contact at the region as soon as I leave here. Even an idiot can see that you're being framed. We'll get you out of this."

Despite Carole's confidence, I feel like I'm in a viper pit.

*******

I'm on the toilet when I hear tapping on the window. I don't even have to look up to know Miller has returned. He gestures with his shaved head for me to step to the doorframe. While I finish using the toilet, his big head stays in the window. I take my time washing my hands, then step closer while drying my hands on the threadbare towel.

"Got calls from National Geographic Television and BBC radio requesting interviews with you. Looks like your wife's been busy."

"Is that what you came to tell me?" I speak into the frame.

"Do you want to participate in the interviews?"

"Yes."

"Sign these release forms."

He slides the folder under the door with a pen. I sign both and slide them back.

Miller picks up the folder, and then he opens it to make sure I signed on the right spot.

"The requests are denied," he states with a sneer and walks away.

*******

On Thursday a guard comes for me. He cuffs and marches me out from my cell, down the tunnel and through the gates to the soundproof lieutenant's office.

"That will be all, Officer." It's Merkle, the SIS. He walks out from behind his desk and unlocks my handcuffs.

"Remember me?" he asks.

"Yes," I say, even though two years have passed since I last saw the SIS lieutenant.

"Sit down." A stack of papers sits neatly on his desk. "I've prepared an affidavit. I'd like you to read it over. If it's accurate, I'd like you to sign it. If anything is inaccurate, I'd like you to tell me so I can correct it. Okay?"

"Fine. Give me the affidavit."

The document describes my use of the computer in the powerhouse, emphasizing the résumés, job applications, and rental agreements I typed for staff members at their direction.

"The affidavit doesn't mention anything about the weapon planted in my property after I was exonerated from charges of lying to staff, running a business, and using the computer for personal work," I point out.

"That's a separate investigation," he says.

"Can I use your pen?"

He pulls a gold pen from the inside pocket of his blazer and passes it to me. When I sign, I appreciate the smooth precision of the roller ball.

"What are you in here for?" he asks.

"When I was in my early 20s, I sold cocaine. It was a bad decision." I return his pen. "Nice pen."

"Didn't the president's brother sell cocaine?" He puts the pen back in his inside pocket.

"That was Roger Clinton. The president pardoned him before leaving office."

"And 'justice' for all," the SIS officer smirks.

*******

I've been locked in SHU for 60 days on the Saturday morning when I walk into the visiting room and see Carole's radiant smile. "You look like you have good news," I ask after we kiss and sit across from each other.

"Can't I just be happy to see my husband?"

"Oh, so you like seeing me in my orange jumpsuit, unshaven?"

"I talked to my contact at the region yesterday. The regional director knows you didn't have a weapon. Every charge against you is already expunged and your record is totally clear again. You're being transferred to another camp."

"Which camp?"

"I'll know on Monday. It doesn't matter. I want you out of Lompoc."

Returning to my cell after our visit, relief floods through me and I thank God for the many blessings in my life. Some may consider Lompoc Camp as a "crown jewel" in the BOP system, but it's tarnished and toxic, top to bottom. Maybe something bigger will come from my being thrown in SHU on trumped up charges. Maybe this crown jewel will get a much-needed cleaning.

I hear Miller's voice. He's talking to a prisoner in a cell down the tier. He doesn't stick his big round head in my window to watch me today. As he walks back toward the gates, I knock for him to approach.

"What is it, Mr. San-tos?" He leans into the door from the hallway.

"Did you hear that your superiors at the region have completely exonerated me of all those charges?"

He looks at me with his signature sneer. "I did hear something about that."

"I guess I'll be going to another camp after all," I smile.

After more than two months in SHU I can't contain the mockery in my tone.

"Looks that way," he responds with studied neutrality.

"I'm requesting a furlough transfer."

With a furlough transfer, Carole would be able to transport me to the new camp where I would surrender, sparing me the indignity of chains and guards.

He shakes his head. "Don't count on it, Mr. San-tos. You'll be traveling in chains."